Organic Reactions and Conditions Flashcards
Alkene to Polyalkene
High pressure suitable catalyst
Addition polymerisation
Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane
Bromine/Chlorine
room Temp
Electrophilic addition
Alkene to alcohol
Alcohol to Alkene
Sulphuric acid
Electrophilic addition
Warm H2O
Hydrolysis
Conc Sulphuric/Phosphoric acid
Elimination, dehydration
Alkane to Halogenoalkane
Bromine/Chlorine
UV light
Free radical Substituion
Alkene to halogenoalkane
halogenoalkane to Alkene
HX
Room temp
Electrophilic addition
KOH ethanolic
Heat under reflux
Elimination
role of KOH: nucleophile/base
Halogenoalkane to Alcohol
KOH aqueous
heat under reflux
Nucleophilic Substitution
Halogenoalkane to Primary Amine
NH3 ethanolic
Heat under pressure
Nucleophilic Substitution
Halogenoalkane to Nitrile
KCN ethanol/water mixture
Heat under reflux
Nucleophilic subsitution
Primary Amine to Secondary (Nsub) Amide
Acyl Chloride
Room Temp
Nucleophilic addition elimination
Nitrile to Primary Amine
LiAlH4 in ether
Reduction
OR
Ni/H2
Primary Amine to Secondary Amine/ Tertiary Amine/ Quaternary Salt
Halogenoalkane
Nucleophilic Substitution
Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride to Primary Amide
NH3 room temp
Nu addition elimination
Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride to Secondary Amide
Primary amine
room temp
Nu add/elim
Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride to Carboxylic Acid
H2O room temp
Nu add/elim
Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride to Ester
Alcohol
room temp
Nu add/elim
Carboxylic acid to ester
Alcohol + H2SO4
heat
esterification
Aldehyde/ketone to Hydroxynitrile
NaCN + H2SO4
Nu Add
Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid
(If primary) K2Cr2O7/H+
heat under reflux + excess oxidising agent
Oxidation
Alcohol to Aldehyde/ketone
Aldehyde/ketone to Alcohol
If primary
Na2Cr2O7/H+
heat and distill
partial oxidation
If secondary
Na2Cr2O7/H+
heat
oxidation
NaBH4
Reduction
Nu Add
Benzene to phenylethanone
including formation of electrophile and reformation of catalyst
AlCl3 + CH3COCl –> CH3CO+ AlCl4-
acyl chloride in the presence
of anhydrous aluminium
chloride catalyst
Electrophilic substitution
H+ + AlCl4- –> AlCl3 + HCl
Alcohol to ester
Carboxylic acid +H2SO4
heat
esterification
Benzene to Nitrobenzene
including formation of electrophile and reformation of catalyst
HNO3 + 2H2SO4 –> NO2+ + 2HSO4- + H3O+
conc nitric acid +
conc sulphuric acid
Electrophilic substitution
H+ + HSO - –> H2SO4
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanenitrile to 1-Amino-2-phenyl-propan-2-ol
LiAlH4
reduction
phenylethanone to 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanenitrile
KCN + H2SO4
Nu Add
phenylethanone to 1-Phenylethan-1-ol
NaBH4
Reduction
Nu Add
1-Phenylethan-1-ol to ester with ethanoic acid
Ethanoic acid + sulphuric acid
Heat
Esterification
Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine
Tin and HCl
Reduction
Phenylamine to methylphenylamine
CH3Cl chloromethane
Nu sub
methylphenylamine to N-Phenylacetamide
Ethanoyl chloride CH3COCl
Nucleophilic addition elimination
