Organic Part 3 Carboxylic Acids, esters and synthetic polymers

Question 1

4.34C functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 1

• COOH

- CnH2nO2

Question 2

4.36C reactions of carboxylic acids with metals and metal carbonates

Answer 2

• metals produces a salt and hydrogen
• e.g. ethanoic acid + sodium -> sodium ethanoate + hydrogen
• metal carbonates produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide
• e.g. ethanoic acid + sodium -> sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water

Question 3

4.37C vinegar

Answer 3

• aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid

Question 4

4.38C functional group of esters

Answer 4

• COO
• made by reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid with sulphuric acid catalyst
• fruity, sweet smell
• can be used as solvents
• volatile compounds

Question 5

4.39C ethyl ethanoate

Answer 5

• ester produced when ethanol and ethanoic acid reacts in the presence of an acid catalyst (sulphuric acid)

Question 6

4.40C molecular, structural and displayed formula of ethyl ethanoate

Answer 6

• C4H8O2

- CH3COOCH2CH3

Question 7

4.44 what is an addition polymer

Answer 7

• formed by joining up many monomers

- only one product

Question 8

4.45 formula of poly(tetrafluoroethene)

Answer 8

(C2F4)n

Question 9

4.45 formula of poly(chloroethene)

Answer 9

(C2H3Cl)n

Question 10

4.45 formula of poly(propene)

Answer 10

(C3H6)n

Question 11

4.47 problems with disposal of polymers

Answer 11

• inert, cannot biodegrade
• when burned, toxic gases that contribute to global warming are produced
• landfills take up too much space
• recycling is very expensive and requires sorting

Question 12

4.48C condensation polymers

Answer 12

• dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diol

- produces a polyester and water