Organic Mental Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
What is the ICD-10 definition of organic mental health disorders?
A
- due to common demonstrable aetiology in cerebral disease, brain injury, or other insult leading to cerebral dysfunction
- aquire- different from intellectual disability
- distinction from ‘functional’ mental illness
- primary- direct effect on brain
- secondary- systemic diseases that affect the brain in addition to other systems/organs
2
Q
What are common features of organic mental disorders?
A
- cognitive
- memory
- intellect
- learning
- sensorium
- consciousness
- attention
- mood
- depression
- elation
- anxiety
- psychotic
- hallucinations
- delusions
- personality + behavioural disturbances
- onset
- any age
- most adult/later life
- some irreversible + progress
- some transient + respond to treatments
3
Q
A
4
Q
What are examples of acute/subacute and chronic organic mood disorders?
A
- delirium
- organic mood disorder
- organic psychotic disorder
- dementia
- amnesic syndrome
- organic personality change
5
Q
What are the causes of delirium?
A
- medications
- drug abuse
- withdrawal syndromes
- metabolic (e.g. hepatic encephalopathy)
- vitamin deficiencies (e.g. thiamine)
- endocrinopathies
- infections
- neurological causes
- toxins + industrial exposures
- others (e.g. lupus, cerebral vasculitis)
6
Q
What are the features of delirium?
A
- impaired consciousness + attention
- global disturbances of cognition
- psychomotor disturbances
- disturbance of sleep-wake cycle
- emotional disturbance
- rapid onset
- diurnally fluctuating
- < 6 months
- autonomic activation
- dysgraphia
7
Q
What is the management for delirium?
A
- treat underlying cause
- educate relatives, staff
- make environment safe
- optimise stimulation
- orientation
8
Q
What are features of amnesic syndrome?
A
- impairment of recent + remote memory
- immediate recall preserved
- new learning reduced
- antergrade amnesia
- disorientation in time
- retrograde amnesia- may lessen over time
- confabulation
- perception + other cognitive functions preserved
9
Q
What are causes of diencephalic + hippocampal damage, in amnesic syndrome?
A
- Korsakoff’s syndrome
- 3rd ventricle tumours + cycsts
- bilateral thalamic infarction
- post subarachnoid infarction
- HSV encephalitis
- anoxia
- surgical removal of temporal lobes
- bilateral posterior cerebral artey occlusion
- closed head injury
- early Alzheimer’s disease
10
Q
What is the treatment of amnesic syndrome?
A
- treat cause
- prevent alcohol amnesic syndrome
- parenteral vitamin B1
- abstinence from alcohol
- MDT rehabilitation
