Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAT101 > Organic Compounds & DNA Structure > Flashcards

Organic Compounds & DNA Structure Flashcards

1
Q

4 Energy Storing Compounds

A
  1. NADH2 – NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
  2. FADH2 – FLAVINE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
  3. ATP – ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE [chief]
  4. ADP – ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

difference of organic compounds from inorganic compounds

A

presence of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 organic compounds in the organism’s body

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids
  4. Nucleic Acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

simplest and the most abundant organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

store energy and provide shape to organisms

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 classes of CHO

A
  1. sugars
  2. starches
  3. celluloses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the simplest form of sugar

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

building blocks of more complex carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

main building block of sugar

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

end product of digestion

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fruit sugar

A

fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

milk sugar

A

galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 monosaccharides to disaccharides

A

dehydration synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

disaccharides to 2 monosaccharides

A

hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

two simple sugars bonded together

A

disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fructose + Glucose

A

Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Galactose + Glucose

A

Lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glucose + Glucose

A

Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

made of many glucose molecules bonded together in a long chain

A

polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

elements found in proteins but not in carbohydrates

A
  • N (Nitrogen)
  • S (Sulfur)
  • P (Phosphorus)
  • Fe (Iron)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

large and complex molecules that consists of amino acid units linked together

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

about 20 amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

results when two amino acids are joined together

A

dipeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

results when two dipeptides are joined together

A

polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

6 functions of proteins

A
  1. Movement
  2. Structure
  3. Regulation
  4. Transport
  5. Nutrition
  6. Defense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

proteins necessary for the contraction of muscles

A

actin & myosin

27
Q

the most abundant proteins in the human body that forms bone, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

28
Q

the hard parts of the skeleton of a vertebrate animal

29
Q

longest bone

30
Q

from the Latin word ‘tendere’ means to stretch a tough cord or band of dense white fibrous connective tissue that unites a muscle with some other parts

31
Q

a tough band of tissue connecting the articular extremities of bones or supporting an organ in place

32
Q

translucent somewhat elastic tissue that composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos and in some joints, respiratory passages and the external ear

33
Q

process of bone formation

A

ossification

34
Q

proteins that control chemical reactions in cells and can speed up some reactions by more than a million folds

35
Q

transport protein used to move Oxygen throughout the body

A

hemoglobin

36
Q

stores amino acids for milk use by some newborn animals

37
Q

first milk that the body produces during pregnancy

38
Q

proteins that help animals fight off the invasion of viruses and bacteria

A

antibodies

39
Q

fats and other substances that contain elements like C, H, with less O than in carbohydrates

40
Q

group of chemicals that include fats, oil, waxes, phospholipids and steroids

41
Q

carbohydrates when energy is stored for a longer period of time

42
Q

lipids that are solid in room temperature

43
Q

lipids that are liquid in room temperature

44
Q

important structural chemicals in cells

A

phospolipids

45
Q

last group of lipids thst serves as structural and control function in our body

46
Q

components of the membranes that surround the cells

A

cholesterol

47
Q

large, complex molecules that contain hereditary or genetic information (DNA)

A

nucleic acids

48
Q

building blocks of nucleic acids

A

polypeptide/nucleotide

49
Q

the macromolecule that makes up the major portion of the chromosomes

A

nucleic acids

50
Q

two kinds of nucleic acids

A
  • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
  • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
51
Q

found only inside the nucleus of the cell

52
Q

carries instruction that control the activities of the cell

53
Q

five-carbon sugar (pentose) in DNA

A

deoxyribose

54
Q

Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

A
  1. cytosine (C)
  2. guanine (G)
  3. adenine (A)
  4. thymine (T)
55
Q

found both inside and outside (cytoplasm) the nucleus

A

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

56
Q

sugar in RNA

57
Q

Nitrogenous Bases in RNA

A
  1. cytosine (C)
  2. guanine (G)
  3. adenine (A)
  4. uracil (U)
58
Q

3 types of RNA

A
  1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
59
Q

purines nitrogenous bases

A

adenine (A) & guanine (G)

60
Q

pyrimidine nitrogenous bases

A

thymine (T), cytosine (C), &Uracil (U)

61
Q

a biochemist that shared with the scientific community two crucial insights into the composition of DNA

A

Erwin Chargaff

62
Q

start codon

A

initiator - AUG

63
Q

stop codon

A

terminator - UAA UAG UGA

NAT101 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions