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NAT101 > Organic Compounds & DNA Structure > Flashcards

Organic Compounds & DNA Structure Flashcards

1
Q

4 Energy Storing Compounds

A
  1. NADH2 – NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
  2. FADH2 – FLAVINE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
  3. ATP – ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE [chief]
  4. ADP – ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
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2
Q

difference of organic compounds from inorganic compounds

A

presence of carbon atoms

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3
Q

4 organic compounds in the organism’s body

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids
  4. Nucleic Acids
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4
Q

simplest and the most abundant organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

store energy and provide shape to organisms

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

3 classes of CHO

A
  1. sugars
  2. starches
  3. celluloses
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7
Q

the simplest form of sugar

A

monosaccharides

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8
Q

building blocks of more complex carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

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9
Q

main building block of sugar

A

glucose

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10
Q

end product of digestion

A

glucose

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11
Q

fruit sugar

A

fructose

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12
Q

milk sugar

A

galactose

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13
Q

2 monosaccharides to disaccharides

A

dehydration synthesis

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14
Q

disaccharides to 2 monosaccharides

A

hydrolysis

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15
Q

two simple sugars bonded together

A

disaccharides

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16
Q

Fructose + Glucose

A

Sucrose

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17
Q

Galactose + Glucose

A

Lactose

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18
Q

Glucose + Glucose

A

Maltose

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19
Q

made of many glucose molecules bonded together in a long chain

A

polysaccharides

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20
Q

elements found in proteins but not in carbohydrates

A
  • N (Nitrogen)
  • S (Sulfur)
  • P (Phosphorus)
  • Fe (Iron)
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21
Q

large and complex molecules that consists of amino acid units linked together

A

proteins

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22
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

about 20 amino acids

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23
Q

results when two amino acids are joined together

A

dipeptide

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24
Q

results when two dipeptides are joined together

A

polypeptide

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25
Q

6 functions of proteins

A
  1. Movement
  2. Structure
  3. Regulation
  4. Transport
  5. Nutrition
  6. Defense
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26
Q

proteins necessary for the contraction of muscles

A

actin & myosin

27
Q

the most abundant proteins in the human body that forms bone, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

A

collagen

28
Q

the hard parts of the skeleton of a vertebrate animal

A

bone

29
Q

longest bone

A

femur

30
Q

from the Latin word ‘tendere’ means to stretch a tough cord or band of dense white fibrous connective tissue that unites a muscle with some other parts

A

tendons

31
Q

a tough band of tissue connecting the articular extremities of bones or supporting an organ in place

A

ligaments

32
Q

translucent somewhat elastic tissue that composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos and in some joints, respiratory passages and the external ear

A

cartilage

33
Q

process of bone formation

A

ossification

34
Q

proteins that control chemical reactions in cells and can speed up some reactions by more than a million folds

A

enzymes

35
Q

transport protein used to move Oxygen throughout the body

A

hemoglobin

36
Q

stores amino acids for milk use by some newborn animals

A

casein

37
Q

first milk that the body produces during pregnancy

A

colostrum

38
Q

proteins that help animals fight off the invasion of viruses and bacteria

A

antibodies

39
Q

fats and other substances that contain elements like C, H, with less O than in carbohydrates

A

lipids

40
Q

group of chemicals that include fats, oil, waxes, phospholipids and steroids

A

lipids

41
Q

carbohydrates when energy is stored for a longer period of time

A

fats

42
Q

lipids that are solid in room temperature

A

fats

43
Q

lipids that are liquid in room temperature

A

oils

44
Q

important structural chemicals in cells

A

phospolipids

45
Q

last group of lipids thst serves as structural and control function in our body

A

steroids

46
Q

components of the membranes that surround the cells

A

cholesterol

47
Q

large, complex molecules that contain hereditary or genetic information (DNA)

A

nucleic acids

48
Q

building blocks of nucleic acids

A

polypeptide/nucleotide

49
Q

the macromolecule that makes up the major portion of the chromosomes

A

nucleic acids

50
Q

two kinds of nucleic acids

A
  • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
  • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
51
Q

found only inside the nucleus of the cell

A

DNA

52
Q

carries instruction that control the activities of the cell

A

DNA

53
Q

five-carbon sugar (pentose) in DNA

A

deoxyribose

54
Q

Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

A
  1. cytosine (C)
  2. guanine (G)
  3. adenine (A)
  4. thymine (T)
55
Q

found both inside and outside (cytoplasm) the nucleus

A

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

56
Q

sugar in RNA

A

ribose

57
Q

Nitrogenous Bases in RNA

A
  1. cytosine (C)
  2. guanine (G)
  3. adenine (A)
  4. uracil (U)
58
Q

3 types of RNA

A
  1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
59
Q

purines nitrogenous bases

A

adenine (A) & guanine (G)

60
Q

pyrimidine nitrogenous bases

A

thymine (T), cytosine (C), &Uracil (U)

61
Q

a biochemist that shared with the scientific community two crucial insights into the composition of DNA

A

Erwin Chargaff

62
Q

start codon

A

initiator - AUG

63
Q

stop codon

A

terminator - UAA UAG UGA

NAT101 (10 decks)

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