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NAT101 > Chemicals in Organisms > Flashcards

Chemicals in Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Mass

A

quantity of matter in any body

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3
Q

Weight

A

the gravitational attraction exerted by a large body of matter on an object

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4
Q

2 Pure Substances

A
  1. Elements
  2. Compounds
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5
Q

Pure Substance

A

have fixed chemical composition and its elemental constituents does not change when subjected to different processes

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6
Q

Elements

A

made up of only one kind of atom and has the simplest chemical forms

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7
Q

Kinds of Matter

A
  1. Pure Substance
  2. Mixture
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8
Q

difference between organic and inorganic compounds

A

organic compounds always have a carbon atom, while most of the inorganic compounds do not contain a carbon atom in them

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9
Q

Mixture

A

made up of two or more different substances mixed but not combined chemically

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10
Q

Physical Properties

A

properties of matter which can be observed without changing the substance into some new kind of matter

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11
Q

Chemical Properties

A

properties that can be observed only when the substance undergoes a change in composition; determine the ability of a substance to react with other substance

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12
Q

boiling point

A

100°C

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13
Q

freezing point

A

0°C

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14
Q

Density

A

compactness of a substance; more compact, more dense

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15
Q

Gases

A

substances that neither have definite shape nor definite volume

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16
Q

Liquids

A

substances that have definite volume but no definite shape

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17
Q

Solids

A

materials that have definite shape and volume

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18
Q

Plasma

A

a mixture of sub-atomic particles of nuclei and electrons

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19
Q

4 Physical States of Matter

A
  1. Gases
  2. Liquids
  3. Solids
  4. Plasma
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20
Q

4 Energy storing Molecules

A
  • ATP – ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
  • ADP – ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
  • FADH2 – FLAVINE ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE
  • NADH – NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE
    DINUCLEOTIDE
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21
Q

Nucleus

A

the tiny central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons

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22
Q

3 Sub-atomic Particles

A
  1. Protons
  2. Neutrons
  3. Electrons
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23
Q

Protons

A

positively charged particles of an atom

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24
Q

Atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element; basic building block of matter; made of smaller particles protons, neutrons, and electrons

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25
Q

Neutrons

A

neutral particles of an atom located in the nucleus of the atom

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26
Q

Electrons

A

the negatively charged particles of an atom that are found outside and revolving around the nucleus

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27
Q

Electrons

A

the negatively charged particles of an atom that are found outside and revolving around the nucleus

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28
Q

Ions

A

the most stable, or unlikely to react when its outermost energy level is completely filled

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29
Q

atom that has lost or gained electrons

A

ion

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30
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

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31
Q

Atomic Number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of each element

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32
Q

Atomic Mass

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

33
Q

Shells

A

contain electrons travelling at the same average from the nucleus

34
Q

3 Classification of Elements

A

a. Metals good conductors of heat and electricity

b. Non Metals good insulators against heat and electricity

c. Metalloids borderline elements

35
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

made up of components that cannot be easily distinguished even through the aid of a powerful microscope

36
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

made up of components that can be easily identified; either colloid or suspension

37
Q

Solvent

A

substance present in largest quantity; most are liquids

38
Q

Solute

A

substance present in smallest quantity; most are solids

39
Q

Colloid/s

A

are substance/s consisting of very small particles suspended and dispersed in a medium such as air or water; contains particles smaller than those in suspensions but bigger than those present solutions

40
Q

Compounds

A

made up of two or more different kind of atoms

41
Q

Two Kinds of Compounds

A

A. Inorganic Compounds
B. Organic Compounds

42
Q

4 Important Inorganic Compounds

A
  1. Water
  2. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
  3. Minerals
  4. Organic Salts
43
Q

Water

A

makes up from 60 – 90 percent of the protoplasm and a universal solvent

44
Q

special features of water

A

cohesion and expansion

45
Q

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

A

present as gases in the respiratory organs and in the tissue fluids such as the blood and lymph

46
Q

Minerals

A

trace elements needed in small amounts by plants, animals and human beings

47
Q

12 Minerals in Living Things

A
  • Calcium
  • Chlorine
  • Cobalt
  • Copper
  • Fluorine
  • Iodine
  • Iron
  • Magnesium
  • Manganese
  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
  • Zinc
48
Q

Iron

A

necessary to carry away carbon dioxide from the lungs to the cell and for the hemoglobin formation

49
Q

Copper

A

needed by the body so it can use iron to build hemoglobin

50
Q

Cobalt

A

needed for the formal function of all cells especially cells of the bone marrow, nervous system and gastro intestinal system

51
Q

Magnesium

A

helps regulate muscle reaction and keeps the muscle in good working condition; plants needs magnesium to build
chlorophyll

52
Q

Manganese

A

plays a role in the formation of urea

53
Q

Zinc

A

an important factor in host immune defenses and in the acceleration of wound healing and normal sense of taste

54
Q

Manganese and Zinc

A

required for the normal action of certain enzymes, without these two minerals, certain in the body cells would stop

55
Q

Iodine

A

essential for the synthesis of thyroxine (hormone in the thyroid gland) and stimulates cell oxidation

56
Q

Chlorine

A

found in Sodium Chloride

57
Q

Flourine

A

found in water, tea, soybean, and seafishes

58
Q

Organic Salts

A

present in skeletons; a term for table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl)

59
Q

xeropthalmia

A

the surface of the eye becomes dry and likely to develop infection due to lack of Vitamin A

60
Q

Vitamins

A

inorganic compounds, usually of plant origin, needed by man and animals for normal growth and development

61
Q

There are _______ available but the body produces ______ of them.

A

13 vitamins; only 3

62
Q

Vitamin A

A

(Retinol or Anti-Xeropthalmia); essential for normal bone and skeletal growth and also needed for healthy skin and formal night vision

63
Q

Night blindness

A

an early symptom of vitamin A deficiency

64
Q

8 vitamins of Vitamin B Complex

A
  1. B1 (Thiamine)
  2. B2 (Riboflavin)
  3. B3 (Niacin)
  4. B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
  5. B6 ( Pyridoxine)
  6. B7 (Biotin)
  7. B9 (Folic Acid)
  8. B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
65
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine; necessary for good appetite, good muscle tones and for carbohydrates metabolism

66
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Beriberi

67
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin; needed for growth and for healthy skin and eyes and promotes the body’s use of oxygen in converting food into energy

68
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine; Helps the body use amino acids and also needed for healthy teeth and gums, blood vessels, nervous system, and red blood vessels

69
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cyanocobalamin; essential for proper development
of red blood cells and helps for the proper function of the nervous system

70
Q

Vitamin B9 deficiency

A

Anemia

71
Q

Folic Acid

A

needed for the production of RBC (red blood cells)

72
Q

Pantothenic Acid

A

helps the body convert carbohydrates, fats and proteins into energy

73
Q

Biotin

A

Needed for healthy circulatory system for maintaining healthy and beautiful skin

74
Q

Niacin

A

essential for cell metabolism and absorption of carbohydrates and helps maintain healthy skin

75
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic Acid; essential for sound bones and teeth and needed for tissue metabolism and wound healing

76
Q

Vitamin D

A

helps prevent rickets; has been called sunshine
vitamin because it forms in the skin when body is exposed to sunlight

77
Q

Vitamin E

A

Tocopherol or Anti-Sterility; helps the body convert fatty acids into energy and essential in the formation and proper functioning of the red blood cells, muscles and other tissues

78
Q

Vitamin K

A

essential for normal blood
clotting

NAT101 (10 decks)

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