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Chemicals in Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Mass

A

quantity of matter in any body

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3
Q

Weight

A

the gravitational attraction exerted by a large body of matter on an object

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4
Q

2 Pure Substances

A
  1. Elements
  2. Compounds
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5
Q

Pure Substance

A

have fixed chemical composition and its elemental constituents does not change when subjected to different processes

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6
Q

Elements

A

made up of only one kind of atom and has the simplest chemical forms

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7
Q

Kinds of Matter

A
  1. Pure Substance
  2. Mixture
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8
Q

difference between organic and inorganic compounds

A

organic compounds always have a carbon atom, while most of the inorganic compounds do not contain a carbon atom in them

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9
Q

Mixture

A

made up of two or more different substances mixed but not combined chemically

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10
Q

Physical Properties

A

properties of matter which can be observed without changing the substance into some new kind of matter

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11
Q

Chemical Properties

A

properties that can be observed only when the substance undergoes a change in composition; determine the ability of a substance to react with other substance

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12
Q

boiling point

A

100°C

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13
Q

freezing point

A

0°C

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14
Q

Density

A

compactness of a substance; more compact, more dense

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15
Q

Gases

A

substances that neither have definite shape nor definite volume

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16
Q

Liquids

A

substances that have definite volume but no definite shape

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17
Q

Solids

A

materials that have definite shape and volume

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18
Q

Plasma

A

a mixture of sub-atomic particles of nuclei and electrons

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19
Q

4 Physical States of Matter

A
  1. Gases
  2. Liquids
  3. Solids
  4. Plasma
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20
Q

4 Energy storing Molecules

A
  • ATP – ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
  • ADP – ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
  • FADH2 – FLAVINE ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE
  • NADH – NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE
    DINUCLEOTIDE
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21
Q

Nucleus

A

the tiny central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons

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22
Q

3 Sub-atomic Particles

A
  1. Protons
  2. Neutrons
  3. Electrons
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23
Q

Protons

A

positively charged particles of an atom

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24
Q

Atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element; basic building block of matter; made of smaller particles protons, neutrons, and electrons

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25
Neutrons
neutral particles of an atom located in the nucleus of the atom
26
Electrons
the negatively charged particles of an atom that are found outside and revolving around the nucleus
27
Electrons
the negatively charged particles of an atom that are found outside and revolving around the nucleus
28
Ions
the most stable, or unlikely to react when its outermost energy level is completely filled
29
atom that has lost or gained electrons
ion
30
Isotopes
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
31
Atomic Number
the number of protons in the nucleus of each element
32
Atomic Mass
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
33
Shells
contain electrons travelling at the same average from the nucleus
34
3 Classification of Elements
a. Metals good conductors of heat and electricity b. Non Metals good insulators against heat and electricity c. Metalloids borderline elements
35
Homogeneous Mixture
made up of components that cannot be easily distinguished even through the aid of a powerful microscope
36
Heterogeneous Mixture
made up of components that can be easily identified; either colloid or suspension
37
Solvent
substance present in largest quantity; most are liquids
38
Solute
substance present in smallest quantity; most are solids
39
Colloid/s
are substance/s consisting of very small particles suspended and dispersed in a medium such as air or water; contains particles smaller than those in suspensions but bigger than those present solutions
40
Compounds
made up of two or more different kind of atoms
41
Two Kinds of Compounds
A. Inorganic Compounds B. Organic Compounds
42
4 Important Inorganic Compounds
1. Water 2. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 3. Minerals 4. Organic Salts
43
Water
makes up from 60 – 90 percent of the protoplasm and a universal solvent
44
special features of water
cohesion and expansion
45
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
present as gases in the respiratory organs and in the tissue fluids such as the blood and lymph
46
Minerals
trace elements needed in small amounts by plants, animals and human beings
47
12 Minerals in Living Things
* Calcium * Chlorine * Cobalt * Copper * Fluorine * Iodine * Iron * Magnesium * Manganese * Phosphorus * Sulfur * Zinc
48
Iron
necessary to carry away carbon dioxide from the lungs to the cell and for the hemoglobin formation
49
Copper
needed by the body so it can use iron to build hemoglobin
50
Cobalt
needed for the formal function of all cells especially cells of the bone marrow, nervous system and gastro intestinal system
51
Magnesium
helps regulate muscle reaction and keeps the muscle in good working condition; plants needs magnesium to build chlorophyll
52
Manganese
plays a role in the formation of urea
53
Zinc
an important factor in host immune defenses and in the acceleration of wound healing and normal sense of taste
54
Manganese and Zinc
required for the normal action of certain enzymes, without these two minerals, certain in the body cells would stop
55
Iodine
essential for the synthesis of thyroxine (hormone in the thyroid gland) and stimulates cell oxidation
56
Chlorine
found in Sodium Chloride
57
Flourine
found in water, tea, soybean, and seafishes
58
Organic Salts
present in skeletons; a term for table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl)
59
xeropthalmia
the surface of the eye becomes dry and likely to develop infection due to lack of Vitamin A
60
Vitamins
inorganic compounds, usually of plant origin, needed by man and animals for normal growth and development
61
There are _______ available but the body produces ______ of them.
13 vitamins; only 3
62
Vitamin A
(Retinol or Anti-Xeropthalmia); essential for normal bone and skeletal growth and also needed for healthy skin and formal night vision
63
Night blindness
an early symptom of vitamin A deficiency
64
8 vitamins of Vitamin B Complex
1. B1 (Thiamine) 2. B2 (Riboflavin) 3. B3 (Niacin) 4. B5 (Pantothenic Acid) 5. B6 ( Pyridoxine) 6. B7 (Biotin) 7. B9 (Folic Acid) 8. B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
65
Vitamin B1
Thiamine; necessary for good appetite, good muscle tones and for carbohydrates metabolism
66
Vitamin B1 deficiency
Beriberi
67
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin; needed for growth and for healthy skin and eyes and promotes the body’s use of oxygen in converting food into energy
68
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxine; Helps the body use amino acids and also needed for healthy teeth and gums, blood vessels, nervous system, and red blood vessels
69
Vitamin B12
Cyanocobalamin; essential for proper development of red blood cells and helps for the proper function of the nervous system
70
Vitamin B9 deficiency
Anemia
71
Folic Acid
needed for the production of RBC (red blood cells)
72
Pantothenic Acid
helps the body convert carbohydrates, fats and proteins into energy
73
Biotin
Needed for healthy circulatory system for maintaining healthy and beautiful skin
74
Niacin
essential for cell metabolism and absorption of carbohydrates and helps maintain healthy skin
75
Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid; essential for sound bones and teeth and needed for tissue metabolism and wound healing
76
Vitamin D
helps prevent rickets; has been called sunshine vitamin because it forms in the skin when body is exposed to sunlight
77
Vitamin E
Tocopherol or Anti-Sterility; helps the body convert fatty acids into energy and essential in the formation and proper functioning of the red blood cells, muscles and other tissues
78
Vitamin K
essential for normal blood clotting

NAT101 (10 decks)

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