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NAT101 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

biological science

A

the study of living things; the science of life

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2
Q

life

A

refers to the properties and conditions which distinguish a plant and animal from inorganic matter or dead organisms

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3
Q

dead

A

defined as as deprived of life

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4
Q

Organisms obey the ____________.

A

same laws of Physics and Chemistry

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5
Q

6 Principles and Theories about Life

A
  1. Vitalism
  2. Mechanism
  3. Divine Creation Theory
  4. Cell Theory
  5. Spontaneous Generation
  6. Biogenesis Theory
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6
Q

Vitalism

A

living things exist because they have been filled with Special Forces called ethers

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7
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

known as Abiogenesis theory; process by which life begins when ethers enter non-living things and life started with anything without life

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8
Q

Divine Creation

A

belief that we were created by GOD in HIS own image

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9
Q

cell

A

the basic unit of life

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10
Q

Cell Theory

A
  • All organisms are made up of cells.
  • All cells came from pre-existing cells.
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11
Q

Mechanism

A

Both living and non-living obey the laws of Physics and Chemistry

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12
Q

Biogenesis Theory

A

the principle that life comes only from life

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13
Q

“Bio” means _____ and ”Genesis” means _____.

A

life; beginning

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14
Q

7 Characteristics of Living Things

A
  • Form and size
  • Organization
  • Movement
  • Growth and Life cycle
  • Metabolism
  • Irritability
  • Reproduction
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15
Q

11 Systems of the Human Body

A
  1. Cardiovascular System
  2. Digestive System
  3. Endocrine System
  4. Integumentary System
  5. Lymphatic System
  6. Muscular System
  7. Nervous System
  8. Respiratory System
  9. Reproductive System
  10. Skeletal System
  11. Urinary System
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16
Q

4 Relationships Exist in the Ecosystem

A
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Predation
  • Parasitism
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17
Q

Mutualism

A

both organisms benefited in the relationship

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18
Q

Commensalism

A

type of relationship where one organism benefits while other organism is unharmed or unaffected

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19
Q

Predation

A

a relationship where organism is harmed or killed while the other benefits

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20
Q

Parasitism

A

one organism acts as a parasite and a host that nourishes the parasites

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21
Q

Predator

A

one that kills other organism

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22
Q

Prey

A

one being killed in the relationship

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23
Q

Ectoparasitism

A

the parasite lives outside the body of the host

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24
Q

Endoparasitism

A

the parasite lives within the body of the host

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25
Q

internal growth

A

intussusceptions

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26
Q

external growth

A

accretion

27
Q

Anabolism

A

the constructive or building up of protoplasm from simple compounds and elements

28
Q

end-products of digestion

A

simple compounds and elements

29
Q

Catabolism

A

destructive or breaking down phase; involves the release of energy by breaking food substance through respiration

30
Q

Homeostasis

A

the regulation and maintenance of a relatively constant set of conditions within an organism

31
Q

Irritability

A

capacity to adapt to environmental changes

32
Q

Reproduction

A

the ability of the organism to create another one of the same kind

33
Q

4 Periods - History of Biology

A
  1. Primitives Period
  2. Classical Period
  3. Renaissance Period
  4. Modern Period
34
Q

Primitive Period

A

characterized by uncritical accumulation of information; practical necessities of obtaining food, materials for clothing and shelter, substances to cure ailments, and necessary information about the human body

35
Q

Classical Period

A

began with the Greeks and continued with the Romans; marked by great curiosity about natural phenomena and an ability to organize biological knowledge and record it

36
Q

Hippocrates

A

the Father of Medicine; “diseases have natural causes and the body has the power to repair itself’

37
Q

Aristotle

A

Greatest Ancient Scientist who excelled in making observations

38
Q

Theophratus

A

Aristotle’s student who carried on pioneer studies on the nature of plants

39
Q

Renaissance Period

A

took place during the 14th to 16th centuries; curiosity about the structure of living things was rekindled

40
Q

made accurate studies in plants, animals and human anatomy

A

Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo

41
Q

published his book “The Structure of the Human Body”

A

Andreas Vesalius

42
Q

described the blood circulation in man which contributed to Physiology

A

William Harvey

43
Q

introduced Microscope at the beginning of 17th century

A

Anton Van leeuwenhoek

44
Q

established the concept of the cell theory

A

Robert Hooke

45
Q

cell theory according to Robert Hooke

A

cell is like an empty chamber of monasteries

46
Q

a botanist in modern period

A

Matthias Schleiden

47
Q

a zoologist in modern period

A

Theodore Schwann

48
Q

experimentally disapproved the spontaneous origin of life from non living matter

A

Francesco Redi

49
Q

“The Father of Taxonomy” & established the system of nomenclature in which all living things are arranged by genera and species

A

Carolus Linnaeus

50
Q

“The Father of Modern Microbiology” that laid the foundation of modern Microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

51
Q

9 Branches of Biology

A
  1. BOTANY - study of plants
  2. ZOOLOGY - study of animals
  3. PATHOLOGY - study of mechanisms of diseases
  4. BIOCHEMISTRY - combines biology and chemistry to study living matter
  5. PHYTOPATHOLOGY - study of plant diseases
  6. PHYSIOLOGY - study of life
  7. TAXONOMY - science of naming, describing and classifying organisms
  8. GENETICS - study of genes and heredity
  9. PHARMACOLOGY - study of the mechanisms of drugs and medicine
52
Q

Archaeology

A

remnants of the past

53
Q

Artifacts

A

man-made objects

54
Q

Fossils

A

organic remains

55
Q

Ecology

A

ecosystem of the living and environment

56
Q

Cytology

A

study of cell

57
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

58
Q

Endocrinology

A

study of endocrine

59
Q

Camouflage

A

blending of animals to the colour of the environment

60
Q

Counter-Shading

A

ability of animals to be darker on the side that receives strongest illumination

61
Q

Hibernation

A

slowing down of activities during cold season

62
Q

Estivation

A

slowing down of activities during hot season

63
Q

Mimicry

A

creating and imitating sounds by animals to look bigger than their predators

NAT101 (10 decks)

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