Intro Flashcards
biological science
the study of living things; the science of life
life
refers to the properties and conditions which distinguish a plant and animal from inorganic matter or dead organisms
dead
defined as as deprived of life
Organisms obey the ____________.
same laws of Physics and Chemistry
6 Principles and Theories about Life
- Vitalism
- Mechanism
- Divine Creation Theory
- Cell Theory
- Spontaneous Generation
- Biogenesis Theory
Vitalism
living things exist because they have been filled with Special Forces called ethers
Spontaneous Generation
known as Abiogenesis theory; process by which life begins when ethers enter non-living things and life started with anything without life
Divine Creation
belief that we were created by GOD in HIS own image
cell
the basic unit of life
Cell Theory
- All organisms are made up of cells.
- All cells came from pre-existing cells.
Mechanism
Both living and non-living obey the laws of Physics and Chemistry
Biogenesis Theory
the principle that life comes only from life
“Bio” means _____ and ”Genesis” means _____.
life; beginning
7 Characteristics of Living Things
- Form and size
- Organization
- Movement
- Growth and Life cycle
- Metabolism
- Irritability
- Reproduction
11 Systems of the Human Body
- Cardiovascular System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Muscular System
- Nervous System
- Respiratory System
- Reproductive System
- Skeletal System
- Urinary System
4 Relationships Exist in the Ecosystem
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Predation
- Parasitism
Mutualism
both organisms benefited in the relationship
Commensalism
type of relationship where one organism benefits while other organism is unharmed or unaffected
Predation
a relationship where organism is harmed or killed while the other benefits
Parasitism
one organism acts as a parasite and a host that nourishes the parasites
Predator
one that kills other organism
Prey
one being killed in the relationship
Ectoparasitism
the parasite lives outside the body of the host
Endoparasitism
the parasite lives within the body of the host
internal growth
intussusceptions
external growth
accretion
Anabolism
the constructive or building up of protoplasm from simple compounds and elements
end-products of digestion
simple compounds and elements
Catabolism
destructive or breaking down phase; involves the release of energy by breaking food substance through respiration
Homeostasis
the regulation and maintenance of a relatively constant set of conditions within an organism
Irritability
capacity to adapt to environmental changes
Reproduction
the ability of the organism to create another one of the same kind
4 Periods - History of Biology
- Primitives Period
- Classical Period
- Renaissance Period
- Modern Period
Primitive Period
characterized by uncritical accumulation of information; practical necessities of obtaining food, materials for clothing and shelter, substances to cure ailments, and necessary information about the human body
Classical Period
began with the Greeks and continued with the Romans; marked by great curiosity about natural phenomena and an ability to organize biological knowledge and record it
Hippocrates
the Father of Medicine; “diseases have natural causes and the body has the power to repair itself’
Aristotle
Greatest Ancient Scientist who excelled in making observations
Theophratus
Aristotle’s student who carried on pioneer studies on the nature of plants
Renaissance Period
took place during the 14th to 16th centuries; curiosity about the structure of living things was rekindled
made accurate studies in plants, animals and human anatomy
Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo
published his book “The Structure of the Human Body”
Andreas Vesalius
described the blood circulation in man which contributed to Physiology
William Harvey
introduced Microscope at the beginning of 17th century
Anton Van leeuwenhoek
established the concept of the cell theory
Robert Hooke
cell theory according to Robert Hooke
cell is like an empty chamber of monasteries
a botanist in modern period
Matthias Schleiden
a zoologist in modern period
Theodore Schwann
experimentally disapproved the spontaneous origin of life from non living matter
Francesco Redi
“The Father of Taxonomy” & established the system of nomenclature in which all living things are arranged by genera and species
Carolus Linnaeus
“The Father of Modern Microbiology” that laid the foundation of modern Microbiology
Louis Pasteur
9 Branches of Biology
- BOTANY - study of plants
- ZOOLOGY - study of animals
- PATHOLOGY - study of mechanisms of diseases
- BIOCHEMISTRY - combines biology and chemistry to study living matter
- PHYTOPATHOLOGY - study of plant diseases
- PHYSIOLOGY - study of life
- TAXONOMY - science of naming, describing and classifying organisms
- GENETICS - study of genes and heredity
- PHARMACOLOGY - study of the mechanisms of drugs and medicine
Archaeology
remnants of the past
Artifacts
man-made objects
Fossils
organic remains
Ecology
ecosystem of the living and environment
Cytology
study of cell
Histology
study of tissues
Endocrinology
study of endocrine
Camouflage
blending of animals to the colour of the environment
Counter-Shading
ability of animals to be darker on the side that receives strongest illumination
Hibernation
slowing down of activities during cold season
Estivation
slowing down of activities during hot season
Mimicry
creating and imitating sounds by animals to look bigger than their predators
