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Chemistry > Organic compounds 1 > Flashcards

Organic compounds 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

Groups of compounds that share a general formula and have similar chemical properties

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2
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Single bonds between carbons

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3
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Double bond between two carbons

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4
Q

What are alkynes?

A

Triple bonds between two carbons

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5
Q

Names given for the number of carbons 1-8?

A

1) meth
2) eth
3) prop
4) but
5) pent
6) hex
7) hept
8) oct

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6
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula but where the atoms are arranged differently within the molecule

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7
Q

What is an unsaturated molecule?

A

A hydrocarbon containing a double or a triple bond

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8
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon only, bonded together covalently

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9
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Mixture of various hydrocarbons with different chain lengths

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10
Q

How is crude oil separated?

A

Fractional distillation

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11
Q

How does fractional distillation separate substances?

A

According to their boiling points

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12
Q

Use of refinery gas (LPG)?

A

Domestic gas

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13
Q

Use for petrol (light gasoline)?

A

Production of petrol

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14
Q

Use for naphta?

A

Plastic and petrol production

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15
Q

Use for kerosene/paraffin?

A

Aviation and home heating fuel

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16
Q

Use for diesel oil/gas oil?

A

Motor fuel

17
Q

What does octane number mean?

A

The tendency of a fuel to resist auto-ignition

18
Q

What fuel has an octane number of 0?

A

Heptane

19
Q

What fuel has an octane number of 100?

A

2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane

20
Q

What are the 4 processes used to produce petrol?

A

Isomerisation
Catalytic cracking
Dehydrocyclisation
Adding oxygenates

21
Q

What is catalytic cracking?

A

Breaking a long chan into several smaller chains

22
Q

What is isomerisation?

A

Changing long, straight chains into short, branched chains

23
Q

What is dehydrocyclisation?

A

Removing hydrogen and changing a chain into a ring

24
Q

What is adding oxygenates?

A

Add substances like methanol, ethanol and MTBE

25
Q

What hydrocarbons produce when burned?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

26
Q

What are mercaptans?

A

Substance added to refinery gas to give it a distinctive smell

27
Q

Uses for ethyne?

A

Welding or cutting

28
Q

What is auto-ignition?

A

Ignition in an internal combustion engine before a spark is produced.

29
Q

What is an aliphatic compound?

A

Any hydrocarbon not containing a benzene ring.

30
Q

What chemicals are used to prepare ethyne?

A

Water and calcium dicarbide

31
Q

What chemicals are used to produce ethene?

A

Ethanol and aluminium oxide

Chemistry (14 decks)

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