Organic Chemistry SL Flashcards
Hydrocarbon
Compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
Empirical Formula
Simplest whole number ratio of the elements present in a compound
Molecular Formula
Total Number of atoms in each element, present in a molecule of the compound. A molecular Formula is an integer multiple of the empirical formula
Homologous Series
Series of compounds that have the same functional group, and each member differs from the next by a common structural unit.
Functional Group
Atom or Group of Atoms in a molecule that gives it its characteristics chemical properties, this is the reactive part of a molecule
Aromatic Compounds
Have a benzene ring
Alkane functional group name
Alkyl
Alkene functional group name
Alkenyl C = C
Alcohol functional group name
Hydroxyl - oh
Ether Functional Group name
Ether c- o - c
Aldehyde Functional Group name
Carbonyl - Refer to book
Ketone Functional Group name
Carbonyl
Carboxylic Acid Functional Group name
Carbonxyl
Halgenoalkane Functional Group name
Halo (Chloro , bromo etc)
Amine Functional Group name
Amine - NH2, NHR, NR2
Ester functional Group name
Ester , refer to book
Nitrile functional group name
Nitrile, refer to book
Amide functional group name
Carboxamide
Why does Amines have different functional Groups
Amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Compounds without benzene ring are
Aliphatic
What’s the functional group in aromatic compounds
Benzene ring
Boiling Point of Homologous Series
As number of carbons in a homologous series increases, the boiling point increases. This is due to the the London forces between molecules increasing as the relative molecular mass increases.
Why is the boiling point of alcohols larger that alkanes
Due to hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules
Solubility of Alcohol trend
As the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases, solubility decreases. (Alcohol soluble only in water)
This is due to the long hydrocarbon chain preventing water molecules on either side from hydrogen bonding to one another.
