organic chemistry L2

Question 1

simple distillation

Answer 1

separates solvent from solution

water has lowest boiling point so easily separated

two liquids with very different boiling points

water purification

Question 2

method

Answer 2

heat flask with substance with water

water boils and condenses in liebing condenser

pure water comes out onto conical flask

Question 3

apparatus

Answer 3

thermometer 
conical flask
condenser 
Bunsen burner 
round bottom flask

Question 4

fractional distillations

Answer 4

separates 2 or more liquids with similar boiling points

e.g. crude oil

Question 5

method

Answer 5

heated crude oil enters tall fractioning column

hot at bottom cool at top

vapor of oil rises and condenses at different temperatures

liquid released from different fractions

large molecules condense at bottom small rise to top

Question 6

fractions

Answer 6

petrol= <25
naphtha=60 -80
paraffin = 180-220
diesel = 220-250
fuel oil= 250-300
unlubricating oil = 300-350
bitumen = <350

Question 7

properties of crude oil fractions

Answer 7

viscousity = more carbon (higher molecular weight) = more viscous

flammability = short carbon chains (lower molecular weight) = easier tp ignite