organic chemistry Flashcards
hydrocarbons
compound made from only hydrogen and carbons
CnH2n+2
alkane
saturated hydrocarbon
homologous series
properties of hydrocarbons
depend on size/ length of chain 'shorter molecules = less viscous more volatile- turns into gas at low temps lower boiling point more flammable
complete combustion
hydrocarbon is oxygen releases lots of energy
hydrogen and carbon are oxidised
hydrocarbon = carbon dioxide + water
complete combustion pt2
uses plentiful supply of air
both products are greenhouse gasses
method of complete combustion
burn hydrocarbon
vapor rises and water vapor condenses in u tube and turns anhydrous copper sulphate
carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
incomplete combustion
not enough oxygen
cannot form CO2
forms carbon monoxide/ carbon soot
C3H8 + 3 1/2 O2= 3CO + 4H2O
problem with incomplete combustion
carbon monoxide
- highly toxic
- tasteless/colourless/odorless
- deadly
- creates breathing problems
- smoky flames
- blackens building
- soot deposit
incomplete combustion releases less energy = less efficient
factors influence fuel choice
toxicity energy value availability cost of fuel usability pollution storage
cracking
process of which breaks long carbons into shorter more useful chains
importance of cracking
demand for shorter chains in petrochemical industry is higher but production of longer chains is higher
crude oil uses
-transport
-feedstock
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feedstock
chemical which aids large scale industry reactions
polymers //solvent//lubricant// detergents
