Organic Chemistry ( DEFINITIONS )

Question 1

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

Study of carbon compounds

• Carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms
• Carbon bonded to Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus,
  and the Halogens

Question 2

Hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Hydrogen + Carbon

• Simplest organic compound

Question 3

Saturated Hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Contains only single bonds

• Alkanes

Question 4

Unsaturated Bonds

Answer 4

Contains only double or triple bonds

• Alkenes + Alkynes

Question 5

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Greek word for “fat” because aliphatic compounds were obtained by heating animal fat

• Structure : Chains
• Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes

Question 6

Alkane

Answer 6

C(n) H(2n+2)

• Saturated Hydrocarbon ( only have single bonds )

Question 7

Alkene

Answer 7

C(n)+ H(2n)

• Unsaturated hydrocarbon ( contains double bonds )

Question 8

Alkynes

Answer 8

C(n) H(2n-2)

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ( contains triple bonds )

Question 9

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Answer 9

Organic compounds containing Benzene rings as apart of their structures

Question 10

Isomer

Answer 10

Compounds that have the same molecular formulas but different molecular structures

Question 11

Structural Isomer

Answer 11

Same chemical formula ; Atoms bonded in different arrangements

• Have different chemical and physical properties

Question 12

Stereoisomers

Answer 12

All atoms are bonded in the same order but arranged differently in space

• 2 types : Geometric Isomer , Optical Isomer

Question 13

Geometric Isomers

Answer 13

Stereoisomers with different arrangements of groups around a double bond

• Two types :

1. Cis — bond are arranged the same on both sides
2. Trans — atoms in bonds are arranged diagonally from each other

• Different arrangements affect physical and chemical properties

Question 14

Optical Isomer

Answer 14

Results from different arrangements of four groups around the same carbon atoms (asymmetrical carbon)

• Isomers end up being mirror images of each other

Question 15

Chirality

Answer 15

When molecules exist in a right-and-left hand form

Question 16

Functional Group

Answer 16

A specific combination of atoms with their own characteristic properties

Question 17

Halocarbons

Answer 17

Any organic compound containing a halogen (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine) substituent

Question 18

Alkyl Halide

Answer 18

When halogens replace hydrogen in a compound

Question 19

Aryl Halide

Answer 19

When a halogen atom bonds with a benzene ring/aromatic group

Question 20

Polymer

Answer 20

Material made of long, repeating chains of molecules

Question 21

Monomer

Answer 21

Molecule that forms the basic unit of polymers

Question 22

Natural Polymer

Answer 22

Occurs in nature ; can be extracted from plants or animals and are found in our bodies

Question 23

Synthetic Polymer

Answer 23

Derived from petroleum oil ( fossil fuels ) and made through chemical reactions

Question 24

Polyvinyl-chloride (PVC)

Answer 24

3rd most widely used synthetic plastic polymer

Question 25

Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA)

Answer 25

Polymer made out of the monomer Vinyl Alcohol

Question 26

Polymerization

Answer 26

A reaction where monomer units bond rapidly together in a series of steps to form polymer

Question 27

Additional Polymerization

Answer 27

Monomers bond together through rearrangement without losing atoms/molecules

Question 28

Condensation Polymer

Answer 28

Monomers containing at least two functional groups combine and lose a small bi-product (usually water)

• Each time a bone is formed, small molecules like water, ammonia (NH2), and HCL are “condensed” out

Question 29

Thermoplastic Polymer

Answer 29

Polymers that can be melted and molded repeatedly into shapes that are retained when cool

Question 30

Thermosetting Polymer

Answer 30

Polymers that can be molded when its first prepare, but can’t be remelted after cooling off.