Acid Base Equilibrium ( DEFINITIONS )

Question 1

Examples of Household Acids

Answer 1

• Acetic Acid: Used in Vinegar
• Sulphuric Acid: Used in Fertilizer

Question 2

Examples of Household Bases

Answer 2

• Magnesium Hydroxide: Used in Laxatives
• Sodium Hydroxide: Used in Soap

Question 3

Properties of Acids (7)

Answer 3

• Conducts Electricity
• Corrosive
• Tastes Sour
• Sticky
• pH 0-7
• Reactive with active metals (produces H2)
• Reacts with Base to form Salts

Question 4

Properties of a Base (7)

Answer 4

• Conducts Electricity
• Corrosive
• Tastes Bitter
• Slippery
• pH 7-14
• Does not react with most metals
• Reacts with Acids to form Salts

Question 5

Indicator

Answer 5

A dye that changes into distinct colours in the presence of an acid/base

Question 6

Litmus Paper (Indicator)

Answer 6

• Acids : Red
• Bases : Blue

Question 7

Bromothylmol Blue (Indicator)

Answer 7

• Acids : Yellow
• Base : Blue

Question 8

Phenopthalein (Indicator)

Answer 8

• Acids : Colourless
• Base : Pink

Question 9

Acidic Solution

Answer 9

Contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide

Question 10

Basic Solution

Answer 10

Contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

Question 11

Neutral Solution

Answer 11

Contains equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

Question 12

Acid (Brønsted-Lowry Theory)

Answer 12

Any substance that donates an H+ ion (proton) in an aqueous solution.

• PROTON DONOR

Question 13

Base (Brønsted-Lowry Theory)

Answer 13

Any substance that **accepts* a H+ ion (proton)

• PROTON ACCEPTERS
• OH- is not mentioned in the definition

Question 14

Strong Acid + Bases

Answer 14

• Will ionize completely
• Strong acids produce many H+ ions
• Strong bases produce many OH- ions
• Good conductors of electricity

Question 15

Amphiprotic

Answer 15

• A substance capable of acting as an acid or a base
• Behaves as an acid with a strong base
• Behaves as a base with a strong acid
• Ex. H2O

Question 16

Monoprotic Acid

Answer 16

Acids that can only donate one proton (ex. HCl)

Question 17

Polyprotic Acid

Answer 17

Acids that can donate more than one proton ( Ex. H2SO4 )

• Ionizes in steps, only losing one proton at a time

Question 18

What does the Ka / Kb value tell us about the solution?

Answer 18

The strength of an acid/base

• Weak acid/bases produce an equilibrium mixture of molecules and ions in aqueous solutions
• Stronger acids/bases have a larger value of Ka/Kb because they have higher concentrations of ions

Question 19

Water Equilibrium

Answer 19

Water ionizes to small degree to form H3O+ ions and OH- ions

Question 20

Strong Acids/Bases

Answer 20

• Completely Ionized
• Single arrow

Question 21

Weak Acids / Bases

Answer 21

• Only partially ionized
• Equilibrium arrow
• Ka & Kb

Question 22

What is the difference between strength and concentration of acids/bases ?

Answer 22

• Strength: Amount of substances that will ionize
• Concentration: Amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent

Question 23

Neutralization

Answer 23

A reaction of an acid and base in an aqueous solution with a pH of 7

Question 24

Titration

Answer 24

• Lab technique used to determine the concentration of an acid/base
• Gradually adding an acid of known concentration to a base of unknown concentration (vice versa)

Question 25

Equilibrium Point

Answer 25

• moles H+ = OH-
• pH meter

Question 26

End Point

Answer 26

Colour change of indicator