Organic Chemistry (Alkanes, Alkenes, Ethanol)

Question 1

What is a homologous series

Answer 1

A group of compounds that can all be represented by the same general formula

Question 2

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 3

What does saturated mean

Answer 3

Containing the greatest number of hydrogen atoms.

Containing no double bonds

Question 4

What does unsaturated mean

Answer 4

Containing double bonds.

Does not have the greatest number of hydrogen atoms

Question 5

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

Answer 5

Saturated

Question 6

What are isomers

Answer 6

Molecules that have the same molecular formula, but a different structural formula

Question 7

What is the general formula of an alkane

Answer 7

CnH2n+2

Question 8

What is the general formula of an alkene

Answer 8

CnH2n

Question 9

Equation for the complete combustion of an alkane

Answer 9

Alkane + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + water

Question 10

Equation for the incomplete combustion of an alkane

Answer 10

Alkane + Oxygen –> Carbon + Carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water
+ Smoky yellow flame

Question 11

Halogens react with alkanes to make ______________. What happens in these reactions?

Answer 11

Haloalkanes

A hydrogen atom from the alkane is substituted by a halogen.

Question 12

What is the general formula of alkenes

Answer 12

CnH2n

Question 13

Halogens react with alkenes to form what

Answer 13

Haloalkanes

Question 14

Halogen + alkane is known as a ____________ reaction

Answer 14

Substitution

Question 15

Halogen + alkene is known as a ___________ reaction

Answer 15

Addition

Question 16

Describe a test for alkenes

Answer 16

If you shaken an alkene with bromine water, it’ll turn from orange to colourless

Question 17

Describe the 2 ways that ethanol can be produced

Answer 17

Ethene + steam

Fermentation

Question 18

Where is ethene produced from

Answer 18

Crude oil

Question 19

Ethene + Steam needs a:
Temperature of _______
Pressure of _______
Catalyst of _____________ ________

Answer 19

Temperature of 300
Pressure of 60-70 atmospheres
Catalyst of phosphoric acid

Question 20

Fermentation needs a:
Temperature of _______
Pressure of _______
Catalyst of _____________ ________

Answer 20

Temperature of 30
Normal pressure
No catalyst

Question 21

Rate of reaction:
Ethene + steam:
Fermentation:

Answer 21

Ethene + steam: Very fast

Fermentation: Very slow

Question 22

Quality of product:
Ethene + steam:
Fermentation:

Answer 22

Ethene + steam: Pure

Fermentation: Impure

Question 23

Raw material:
Ethene + steam:
Fermentation:

Answer 23

Ethene + steam: Ethene

Fermentation: Sugar

Question 24

Renewable or unrenewable:
Ethene:
Sugar:

Answer 24

Ethene: unrenwable
Sugar: Renewable

Question 25

Process:
Ethene + steam:
Fermentation:

Answer 25

Ethene + steam: Continuous process

Fermentation: Batch process

Question 26

Costs:
Ethene + steam:
Fermentation:

Answer 26

Ethene + steam: Expensive equiptmens (high temp) but low labour costs
Fermentation: Cheap equiptment but higher labour costs

Question 27

Describe the dehydration of ethanol to form ethene

Answer 27

This is done by removing water from the ethanol.

Ethanol vapour is passed over a hot catalyst of aluminium oxide

Question 28

Catalyst used in the dehydration of ethanol to form ethene

Answer 28

Almuniqum oxide