Chemistry In Industry (Cracking, Crude Oil, Polymers, Haber Process) Flashcards
What is cracking
Splitting up long chain hydrocarbons
Longer hydrocarbons have _________ boiling points and are _______ viscous. They are also thicker and __________ in colour
Higher
More
Darker
Why do we crack
Because demand for short chain hydrocarbons is much higher
Cracking:
Temperature:
Catalysts needed:
Temperature: 600-700C
Catalyst needed: Silica and alumina
What is crude oil
A mixture of hydrocarbons
From top to bottom: What are the fractions formed from crude oil
Refinery gases Gasoline Naphtha Kerosene Diesel Fuel oil Bitumen
How does fractional distillation of crude oil work
Oil is heated
Gases evaporate
When the temperature becomes lower than their boiling point, the gases condense
What is the purpose of bubble caps
To prevent liquids from running back down
As you go up, the fractions get:
_______ viscous
________ flammable
_________ boiling points
Less viscous
More flammable
Lower boiling points
Use of:
Refinery gases
Heating
Use of:
Gasoline
Fuel for cars
Use of:
Naphtha
Plastics
Use of:
Kerosene
Jet engines
Use of:
Diesel
Fuel for diesel engined cars, trucks etc.
Use of:
Fuel oil
Domestic central heating
Use of:
Bitumen
Road surfacing
What may incomplete combustion of fuel produce
Carbon monoxide
In car engines, the temperature is high enough for what to happen
Nitrogen and oxygen to react forming nitrogen oxides