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organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a hydrocarbon

A

a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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2
Q

what is nomenclature

A

a set of rules that outline how compounds should be named

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3
Q

what is the empirical formula

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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4
Q

what is the molecular formula

A

the true number of atoms of an element in a compound

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5
Q

what is the structural formula

A

shows the structural arrangement of atoms in a molecule

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6
Q

what is the displayed formula

A

shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound

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7
Q

what is the equation for a hydrocarbon

A

H=2C+2

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8
Q

what are two products of alkane combustion

A

water and carbon dioxide

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9
Q

what is the complete combustion of propane

A

C3H8+5O2–>3CO2+4H2O

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10
Q

whats the definition of combustion

A

when a product burns in oxygen

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11
Q

what is incomplete combustion

A

when there is a limited supply of oxygen present or because the combustion is rapid

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12
Q

whet is a product of incomplete combustion

A

carbon monoxide

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13
Q

how is an alcohol identified

A

an OH attached to a hydrocarbon

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14
Q

how is a phenol identified

A

a benzyne ring with an -OH attached

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15
Q

how are ethers identified

A

an oxygen inbetween two hydrocarbons

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16
Q

how are esters identifie

A

a double bond oxygen and a single bond oxygen in between two hydrocrbons

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17
Q

how are aldehydes identified

A

a double bond oxygen inbetween a hydrocarbon and a hydrogen

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18
Q

how are ketones identified

A

a double bond oxygen inbetween two hydrocarbons

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19
Q

how are carboxylic acids identified

A

a double bond oxygen in between an -OH and a hydrocarbon

20
Q

what is the ending for alcohols

A

ol

21
Q

what is the ending for phenols

A

ohenol

22
Q

what is the ending for ethers

A

ether

23
Q

what is the ending for aldehydes

A

al

24
Q

what is the endiung for ketones

A

one

25
Q

what is the ending for carboxilic acid

A

oic acid

26
Q

what is the ending for esters

A

ate

27
Q

what are the types of recations

A

addition substitution oxidation reduction and polymerisation

28
Q

what is a polymerisation reaction

A

a reaction where ultiple monomers join to form a polymer

29
Q

what is an isomer

A

molecules with the same molecular formularv but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecvule

30
Q

what is a structural isomer

A

same molecular formular but a different structural arrangement of atoms

31
Q

stereoisomers are ?

A

isomers that have the same structural formula but a different spacial arrangement of atoms. E-Z isomerism only occurs in alkenes because the limited rotation due to the double bond means that thy can either be together Z or apartE

32
Q

what is the Cahn-Ingold-prelog priority tules

A

the higher the atomic number, the higher the priority. same priority on top = Z different priority=E

33
Q

what is cracking

A

the break down of long carbon chains into smaller ones

34
Q

what is thermal cracking

A

the break down of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller alkanes and alkenes at 1200K and 7000kPa

35
Q

first step of the chlorination of alkanes

A

initiation

36
Q

what are the conditions for the initiation step to occur

A

UV light must be present

37
Q

what happens in this initiation stage

A

the halogen is broken down

Cl2–>2Cl·

38
Q

what is thr second stage in the chlorination of alkanes

A

propagation

39
Q

what occurs in this stage

A

a hydrogen is replaces and the Cl · radical reformed as a catalyst

Cl·+CH4–>·CH4+HCl
·CH3+Cl2–>CH3Cl+Cl·

40
Q

what is the final stage of the chloronation of alkanes

A

termination

41
Q

what occurs in this stage

A

two radicals join to end the chain reaction and form a stable product

42
Q

what are electrophiles

A

electron acceptors and are attracted to areas of high electron density

43
Q

what are some electrophile examples

A

HBr
Br2
H2SO4

44
Q

what is electrophilic addition

A

reaction mechanism hat shows how electrophiles attack the double bond in alkenes and forms a positive carbon atom

45
Q

how are addition polymers produced

A

produced from alkenes where the double bond is broken to form a repeating unit.

46
Q

what is a nucleophile

A 
species with a positive liking
contain a lone pair of electrons
examples are
 CN:-
\:NH3
-:OH

chemistry (11 decks)

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