Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Present in most organic molecules…C and H together

Question 2

Alkanes

Answer 2

Single bonds

Question 3

Alkenes

Answer 3

Double bonds

Question 4

Alkynes

Answer 4

Triple bonds

Question 5

Prefixes

Answer 5

1 met
2 eth
3 prop
4 but
5 pent 
6 hex
7 hept 
8 Oct

Question 6

Methyl branch number

Answer 6

1 methyl
2 ethyl
3 propyl
4 butyl

Question 7

Basic naming rules

Answer 7

Longest chain
Branches methyl vs functional group
Number so that branches get lowest numbers
Functional groups take preference over methyl branches when numbering
Location of each branch must be given
Same branch is repeated –> prefix (di, tri)
Branches in alphabetical order…ignore prefixes (di tri) here
Branches…followed by parent chain when naming
Then suffix according to functional group

Question 8

Dienes

Answer 8

Two double bonds in a molecule

Question 9

Primary alcohol

Answer 9

Attached to one carbon at the end of the parent chain

Question 10

Secondary alcohol

Answer 10

The carbon which OH is attached to is attached two other carbons

Question 11

Tertiary alcohol

Answer 11

The carbon which OH is attached to is attached three other carbons

Question 12

Isomers

Answer 12

Two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 13

Chain isomerism

Answer 13

Difference in chain length…same number of carbons in molecule but one has a straight chain while the other has a methyl branch

Question 14

Positional isomerism

Answer 14

The basic form of the carbon skeleton remains the same but the location of the functional group varies

Question 15

Functional group isomerism

Answer 15

Molecules contain different functional groups
Belong to different homologous series
Propanal vs propanone