Acids + Bases Flashcards
Arrhenius models → define acids and bases
acids produce H+ and bases produce OH IN SOLUTION
Lowry- Bronsted acid-base definitions
Acids → H+ donors
Bases → H+ acceptors
conjugate acid base Pair
Compounds that differ by the presence of one proton
ionising vs dissociating
ionising → form ions by breaking CV bonds
disociating → separating ions in ionic substances
strong vs weak acids?
Strong acids → tends toward complete ionisation m solution :. large amount of H30 ions
Forward reaction is favoured - equil to right
Weak acid –> ionises partially
Equil lies far to the left
Strong Base vs weak Base
Strong Base –>
Dissociates completely
Equil lies to the right
Forward reaction favoured
Weak Base
Only partially dissociates
Equil lies far left
Concentration of acids and bases
Amount of moles per unit volume
Little water added –> strong acid
Strong acid –> more than 4M
Weak acid less than 2M
Conductivity of acids and bases
Strong acids - better conductors - higher degree of ionisation - higher concentration
Strong bases - better conductors - higher degree of dissociation- higher concentration
Reactivity of acids and bases
Stronger acids - higher concentration - more effective collisions per unit time - greater rate of reaction
Stronger bases - higher concentration - more effective collisions per unit time - greater rate of reaction
Ionisation equilibria
Ka
Kb
See equilibrium section
Acid Base reactions
Acid + metal hydroxide = salt + h2o
Acid + metal oxide = salt + h2o
Acid + metal carbonate = salt + co2 + h2o
