Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Organic chemistry
The chemistry of compounds that consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen, atoms of nitrogen, oxygen and halogens are sometimes apart of organic molecules
Catenation
The ability of carbon atoms to bond with themselves to form chain or ring structures.
IUPAC
The international union of pure and applied chemistry
Hydrocarbon
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Saturated compounds:
A compound in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds
Unsaturated compounds
A compound in which there is at least one double or triple bond
Homologous series
A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit
Functional group
A bond, atom or a group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity of a molecule
Isomers
Compounds which have the same molecular formula but have different structural formulas
Haloalkanes
Organic molecules which contain one or more hydrogen atoms within the molecule
Combustion:
When alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and alcohols burn in excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
Addition reactions:
When a double or tripe bond is broken and a new molecular fragments are added to both ends.
Hydrogenation:
The addition of H2 to any alkene
Halogenation
Addition of any halogen to an alkene
Hydrohalogenation
Addition of a hydrogen halide to any alkene and cant occur in water
Hydration
Addition of water to any alkene and steam and suitable catalyst is required
Substitution reactions:
When one atom is replaced by another atom
Alkanes to haloalkanes
Reaction takes place in the presence of heat or light
Haloalkanes to alcohols
Condition heat in an alkali solution
Elimination reactions
When one atom or molecular fragments are removed from adjacent atoms in a molecule leaving a double bond
Dehydrohalogenation
Elimination of a hydrogen halide from any haloalkane and is done in a hot concentration of KOH
Dehydration of alcohols
Elimination of H2O from an alcohol and is done in H2SO4
Cracking of hydrocarbons
Large molecules broken into smaller more useful molecules and can only occur during thermal cracking or catalytic cracking.
