Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic chemistry

A

The chemistry of compounds that consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen, atoms of nitrogen, oxygen and halogens are sometimes apart of organic molecules

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2
Q

Catenation

A

The ability of carbon atoms to bond with themselves to form chain or ring structures.

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3
Q

IUPAC

A

The international union of pure and applied chemistry

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4
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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5
Q

Saturated compounds:

A

A compound in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

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6
Q

Unsaturated compounds

A

A compound in which there is at least one double or triple bond

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7
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

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8
Q

Functional group

A

A bond, atom or a group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity of a molecule

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9
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds which have the same molecular formula but have different structural formulas

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10
Q

Haloalkanes

A

Organic molecules which contain one or more hydrogen atoms within the molecule

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11
Q

Combustion:

A

When alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and alcohols burn in excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water

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12
Q

Addition reactions:

A

When a double or tripe bond is broken and a new molecular fragments are added to both ends.

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13
Q

Hydrogenation:

A

The addition of H2 to any alkene

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14
Q

Halogenation

A

Addition of any halogen to an alkene

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15
Q

Hydrohalogenation

A

Addition of a hydrogen halide to any alkene and cant occur in water

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16
Q

Hydration

A

Addition of water to any alkene and steam and suitable catalyst is required

17
Q

Substitution reactions:

A

When one atom is replaced by another atom

18
Q

Alkanes to haloalkanes

A

Reaction takes place in the presence of heat or light

19
Q

Haloalkanes to alcohols

A

Condition heat in an alkali solution

20
Q

Elimination reactions

A

When one atom or molecular fragments are removed from adjacent atoms in a molecule leaving a double bond

21
Q

Dehydrohalogenation

A

Elimination of a hydrogen halide from any haloalkane and is done in a hot concentration of KOH

22
Q

Dehydration of alcohols

A

Elimination of H2O from an alcohol and is done in H2SO4

23
Q

Cracking of hydrocarbons

A

Large molecules broken into smaller more useful molecules and can only occur during thermal cracking or catalytic cracking.