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Science Term 3 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is carbon a unique element?

A

Because it can form molecules with long chains, branched chains and rings of carbon atoms

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2
Q

What is organic chemistry the study of?

A

Organic chemistry involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.

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3
Q

What happens when carbon forms four single bonds?

A

The bonding pairs of electrons are arranged in a three dimensional tetrahedral shape

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4
Q

What is the simplest group of organic compounds?

A

Hydrocarbons

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5
Q

What are hydrocarbons made up of ONLY?

A

Hydrogen and carbon only

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6
Q

What is the first family of hydrocarbons?

A

The alkanes

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7
Q

What is a family of organic compounds (eg. Alkanes) called?

A

A homologous series

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8
Q

What two formulas can organic compounds be represented by?

A

Molecular formula and structural formula

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9
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

This shows the number of each type of atom present in one molecule

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10
Q

What is structural formula?

A

This shows how all the atoms in one molecule are arranged

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11
Q

What state are Pentane and Hexane in?

A

Liquid

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12
Q

What state are Methane, Ethane, Propene and Butane in?

A

Gas

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13
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Where molecules with the same molecular formula have bonded together in different orders

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14
Q

What are alkanes used for mainly?

A

Alkanes are mainly used as fuels.

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15
Q

What do alkenes have?

A

Alkenes have a single carbon-carbon double bond.

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16
Q

What is the formula for methanol?

A

CH3OH

17
Q

What is the formula for ethanol?

A

C2H5OH

18
Q

What is methanol used for?

A
  • As a solvent
  • As a fuel and starting chemical
  • As fuel for racing car engines
19
Q

How is ethanol made?

A

Ethanol is made through the natural process of fermentation.

20
Q

What is ethanol used for?

A
  • As the alcohol in alcoholic drinks
  • As a fuel
  • As a solvent
21
Q

What are monomers?

A

Monomers are small molecules that makes up polymers.

22
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A polymer is a large molecule made up of many smaller repeated units called monomers.

23
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

A chemical process that links monomers together to form polymers.

24
Q

How was methanol made?

A

Methanol was originally made from distilling wood.

25
Q

How are the physical properties of polymers determined?

A
  1. The length of the polymer chain
  2. The way the chains are linked
  3. The addition of other compounds
26
Q

What is polythene used for?

A

Plastic bags and bottles.

27
Q

What is polypropylene used for?

A

Rope and carpet.

28
Q

What is polystyrene used for?

A

Disposable cups and packaging.

29
Q

What is polyvinyl chloride used for?

A

Construction and protective clothing (eg. Helmets).

30
Q

What is teflon used for?

A

Non-stick cooking utensils.

Science Term 3 (7 decks)

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