Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What are the conditions for cracking
- aluminium oxide catalyst
* 600-700 C
What is cracking and why is it useful
- splits long-chain hydrocarbons through thermal decomposition
- shorter chains have more demand
- also produces alkenes to make polymers
How do you know that cracking produces smaller molecules
As they have lower boiling points
Define homologous series
Compounds with similar chemical properties and a trend in physical properties
General formula for alkanes
Cn H2n + 2
What’s halogenation
It’s the swapping of a hydrogen atom for a halogen atom
Define isomers
They have the same molecular formula but different displayed and structural formula
Why are alkenes unsaturated
As there is a double bond
General formula for alkenes
Cn H2n
How do you know if it’s an alkene
It will decolourise bromine
List different fractions and their uses in a blast furnace starting at the top
Refinery gases- bottles gas Gasoline- fuel for cars Naphtha- making plastic, dyes Kerosene- jet engines Diesel- truck, trains, boats etc. Fuel oil- domestic central heating Bitumen- road surfacing
Define polymer
It’s a long chain molecule formed of repeating identical monomer units
How do the cross-links hold the atoms together
By the strong intermolecular forces
What happens when you add cross-links
It made the solution more viscous, jelly-like and it became a solid
