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Organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s a hydrocarbon?

A

Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

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2
Q

What’s an Alkane?

A

A hydrocarbon, a line of carbon atoms surrounded by Hydrogen atoms

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3
Q

Formula for Methane?

A

CH4

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4
Q

Formula for Ethane?

A

C2H6

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5
Q

Formula for Propane?

A

C3H8

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6
Q

Formula for Butane?

A

C4H10

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7
Q

Formula for pentane?

A

C5H12

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8
Q

What’s the general formula for an Alkane?

A

Cn H2n+2

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9
Q

What’s the alkane when no more atoms can join on to the carbon atoms?

A

Saturated

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10
Q

What’s complete combustion?

A

When an Alkanes burn with a lot of oxygen available, Alkane + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water

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11
Q

How do you there’s been complete combustion?

A

Blue flame

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12
Q

What’s incomplete combustion?

A

When an alkane burns without enough oxygen, producing carbon and the poisonous carbon monoxide. So Alkane + oxygen = carbon + Carbon monoxide + Carbon Dioxide + water

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13
Q

What happens when a Halogen reacts with an Alkane?

A

Produces Haloalkanes (in the presence of UV light)

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14
Q

What is a Haloalkane

A

When the Halogen replaces one of the Hydrogens in the Alkane producing eg. a Bromomethane

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15
Q

What’s an Alkene?

A

Hydrocarbons with a carbon double bond

Unsaturated as they can make more bonds

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16
Q

General formula for an Alkene?

A

Cn H2n

17
Q

Formula for Ethene?

A

C2H4

18
Q

Formula for Propene?

A

C3H6

19
Q

Formula for Butene?

A

C4H8

20
Q

What’s it called when 2 molecules have identical molecular formulas, but different structures?

A

Isomers

21
Q

What happens when a halogen reacts with an alkene?

A

They form a Haloalkanes

22
Q

What’s a Haloalkene?

A

When a halogen splits the carbon double bond, and 2 halogen bond to the available carbons (an addition reaction)

23
Q

How do you test for carbon double bonds?

A

If you shake orange bromine water with the solution and it becomes colourless then the halogens have reacted with the carbon double bonds

24
Q

How do you make Ethanol?

A

With Ethene and steam

25
Q

What temperature is required to make Ethanol?

A

300C

26
Q

What pressure is required to make Ethanol?

A

60-70 atmospheres

27
Q

What’s the catalyst used in the making of Ethanol?

A

Phosphoric acid

28
Q

Why will making Ethanol become expensive?

A

Crude oil is a non renewable resource

29
Q

What other way can Ethanol be produced?

A

Fermentation

30
Q

What’s fermentation?

A

When sugar is made into ethanol using yeast

31
Q

Advantage of Fermentation?

A

Sugar and yeast are renewable

Cheap equipment

32
Q

Disadvantage of fermentation?

A

Isn’t very concentrated, so it needs to be distilled and purified
Slow reaction
Expensive labour

33
Q

What temperature is Fermentation done at?

A

30C

34
Q

Advantages of Ethene + steam?

A

Ethene’s cheap
Little is wasted
Cheap labour
Pure product

35
Q

Disadvantages of Ethene + steam?

A

Non renewable resource of Crude oil

Expensive equipment

36
Q

How can you turn Ethanol back into Ethene?

A

Dehydration reaction

37
Q

How is the dehydration reaction done?

A

Ethanol vapour passed over a hot catalyst of aluminium Oxide

Chemistry (9 decks)

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