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Chemistry > Chemistry of the elements > Flashcards

Chemistry of the elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s a period?

A

Rows in periodic table

As you go along properties of elements change

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2
Q

What are groups?

A

Columns in the periodic table,
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties due to having the same amount of electrons in outer shell
As the atomic number increases so the reactivity

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3
Q

Explain metals on the periodic table?

A

Left side of table including the zig zag

Conduct electricity

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4
Q

What are metal oxides?

A

Basic

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5
Q

What does basic mean?

A

They will neutralise acids, when dissolved will from a PH more than 7

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6
Q

Explain non metals on the periodic table?

A

Right side of periodic table including zig zag
Poor conductors of electricity
Are acidic dissolve with a PH more than 7

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7
Q

What the group 0 elements?

A

The noble gases, also inert (don’t react)

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8
Q

Why are the noble gases inert?

A

Have full shell of outer electrons, so don’t need to react

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9
Q

What happens when a group 1 metal reacts with water?

A

Group 1 metal (s) + water = group 1 metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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10
Q

What happens as you go down the group 1 metals? (atomic number increases)

A

They become more reactive

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11
Q

What happens when Lithium reacts with water?

A

Fizzing
Moves around water
Water goes Alkaline

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12
Q

What happens when Sodium reacts with water?

A

Heavy fizzing
Moves quickly around surface
May ignite
Water goes Alkaline

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13
Q

What happens when Potassium reacts with water?

A

Lilac flame
Explodes
Water goes Alkaline

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14
Q

In group 1 why do atoms become more reactive?

A

They lose their outer electron easier, as they are further away from the nucleus so there’s less attraction to keep them

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15
Q

What happens as the atomic number increase in group 7? (going down the group)

A

Darker colour, higher boiling point

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16
Q

Why the higher up in group7 the more reactive the element is?

A

Because the shell with the missing electron is nearer to the nucleus, so the pull from the positive nucleus is greater

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17
Q

What are the elements in group 7 called?

A

The halogens

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18
Q

Properties of Chlorine?

A

Green, gas at room temp

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19
Q

Properties of bromine?

A

Red-brown, liquid at room temp

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20
Q

Properties of Iodine?

A

Dark grey, solid at room temp

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21
Q

What happens when Halogens combine with hydrogen?q

A

They form hydrogen halides eg. Hydrogen Chloride

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22
Q

What happens when HCL is dissolved into water?

A

The HCL molecules split up into into H+ ions and CL- ions, this is dissociation creating Hydrochloric acid

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23
Q

Why is Hydrochloric acid acidic?

A

Due to the H+ ions

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24
Q

What happens if HCL is dissolved into Methylbenzene?

A

It doesn’t dissociate, so there are no H+ ions, so it’s not acidic

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25
Q

What’s a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive pushes out a less reactive element from a compound

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26
Q

In displacement reactions when is an orange solution formed?

A

When potassium Bromide displaces Chlorine from Chlorine water

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27
Q

In displacement reactions, when is a brown solution formed?

A

When Potassium Iodine solution displaces Bromine or chlorine from Bromine or Chlorine water

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28
Q

What do Halogen displacement reactions involved?

A

Transfer of electrons

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29
Q

How does a does transfer of electrons work in a displacement reaction?

A

The element displacing the other Element gains electrons to become negatively charged, whilst the other element becomes neutral

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30
Q

What’s oxidation?

A

Loss of electrons

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31
Q

What’s reduction?

A

Gain of electrons

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32
Q

What’s an oxidising agent?

A

An element which accepts electrons

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33
Q

What’s a reducing agent?

A

An element which donates electrons and gets oxdisede

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34
Q

What’s a redox reaction?

A

Where Reduction and oxidation happen at the same time

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35
Q

What’s the formula if you react an acid and metal?

A

Acid + Metal = salt + hydrogen

36
Q

How is the speed measured when a acid reacts with a metal?

A

The amount of bubbles given off

37
Q

How’s the hydrogen produced confirmed when an acid reacts with a metal?

A

Squeaky pop test

38
Q

What salts does hydrochloric acid produce?

A

Chloride salts

39
Q

What salts does sulphuric acid produce?

A

Sulphate salts

40
Q

Equation when a metal reacts with water?

A

Metal + water = Metal Hydroxide + hydrogen

41
Q

Which metals react vigorously with water?

A

Very reactive ones

42
Q

Which metals only react steam?

A

Less reactive ones

43
Q

Which metals don’t react with water or steam?

A

Extremely unreactive ones

44
Q

What does the reactivity series show?

A

How well a metal reacts

45
Q

What’s the reactivity series?

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc 
Iron 
Copper
Silver 
Gold
46
Q

What does a more reactive metal to do a less reactive metal?

A

Displaces it, eg. Iron oxide + aluminium = Aluminium oxide + iron

47
Q

What can these displacement reactions allow you to know?

A

The reactivity series

48
Q

What has to be present for Iron or Steel to corrode to make rust?

A

Oxygen and water

49
Q

Equation for when iron, oxygen and water mix?

A

Iron + Oxygen + water = Hydrated Iron + oxide (rust)

50
Q

What’s the barrier method of preventing rust?

A

Paint the iron, or oil the iron, both keep the oxygen and water from the iron

51
Q

What’s the sacrificial method of preventing rust?

A

Is putting a coating of a more reactive metal (galvanising), over the iron so the water and oxygen instead react with this

52
Q

What percent if Nitrogen is in the air?

A

78%

53
Q

What percent of oxygen is in the air?

A

21%

54
Q

What percent of Argon is in the air?

A

1%

55
Q

What percent of CO2 is in the air?

A

0.04%

56
Q

With Copper how do you prove the air is 20% oxygen?

A

Heat copper with air, and see how much the air in the syringe, should be by 20%

57
Q

How can you use Iron to prove the air is 20% oxygen?

A

Iron reacts with air to from rust, so some oxygen will be used up in the reaction, use iron wool with acetic acid (to catalyse the reaction) and see how much oxygen is used up in the reaction

58
Q

How do you make Oxygen in the lab?

A

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, using the catalyst manganese to speed the reaction up

59
Q

What’s collection over water?

A

When you bubble the gas into an upside down measuring cylinder filled with water

60
Q

What can you a gas syringe for?

A

To collect gas

61
Q

What happens when a element reacts with oxygen?

A

An oxide is produced

62
Q

What happens when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

A

Bright white flame
White powder (magnesium oxide)
Alkaline when dissolved in water

63
Q

What happens when carbon reacts with oxygen?

A

Orange/yellow flame
Produces carbon dioxide gas
Acidic when dissolved in water

64
Q

What happens when sulphur reacts with oxygen?

A

Pale blue flame
Produces sulphur dioxide gas
Acidic when dissolved in water

65
Q

When do you use upward delivery to collect a gas?

A

When it’s lighter than air

66
Q

When do you use downward delivery to collect a gas?

A

When it’s heavier than air

67
Q

Equation for when calcium carbonate (marble chips) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?

A

Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate = Calcium chloride + water + carbon Dioxide

68
Q

What’s a different way of creating CO2?

A

Heating a metal carbonate

69
Q

What’s thermal decomposition?

A

When a substance breaks down into simpler substances when heated

70
Q

Equation for when copper carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition?

A

Copper carbonate= Copper oxide + Carbon Dioxide

71
Q

How to test for Carbonates?

A

Add dilute hydrochloric acid, if carbonates are present CO2 will be produced, check for this with limewater method

72
Q

How to test for Sulphates?

A

Add dilute HCL followed by Barium chloride solution, if sulphates are present, white precipitate formed. (HCL added to remove carbonate or sulphite ions)

73
Q

What’s a halide?

A

A bromide, chloride or iodide ion

74
Q

How to test for Halides?

A

Add dilute Nitric acid, and Silver Nitrate solution

75
Q

Once done the Halide test what will Chloride ions show?

A

White precipitate for silver chloride

76
Q

Once done the Halide test what will Bromide ions show?

A

Cream precipitate for silver Bromide

77
Q

Once done the Halide test what will Iodide ions show?

A

Yellow precipitate for silver iodide

78
Q

Why is the Nitric acid added in the halide test?

A

To get rid of Carbonate or Sulphite ions

79
Q

Test for chlorine?

A

Bleaches damp litmus paper

80
Q

Test for oxygen?

A

Relights a glowing splint

81
Q

Test for Carbon Dioxide?

A

Turns limewater cloudy

82
Q

Test for Hydrogen?

A

Squeaky pop with a lighted splint

83
Q

Test for Ammonia?

A

Turns damp litmus paper blue

84
Q

What can you use a test for water?

A

Copper sulphate crystals, blue when water is present, white when it isn’t (anhydrous)

85
Q

What does it mean if a sample is pure?

A

Only one substance, so it has defined physical properties eg. melting and boiling point

86
Q

What are the group 1 elements called?

A

The alkali metals

Chemistry (9 decks)

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