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Chemistry of the elements Flashcards

1
Q

What’s a period?

A

Rows in periodic table

As you go along properties of elements change

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2
Q

What are groups?

A

Columns in the periodic table,
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties due to having the same amount of electrons in outer shell
As the atomic number increases so the reactivity

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3
Q

Explain metals on the periodic table?

A

Left side of table including the zig zag

Conduct electricity

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4
Q

What are metal oxides?

A

Basic

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5
Q

What does basic mean?

A

They will neutralise acids, when dissolved will from a PH more than 7

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6
Q

Explain non metals on the periodic table?

A

Right side of periodic table including zig zag
Poor conductors of electricity
Are acidic dissolve with a PH more than 7

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7
Q

What the group 0 elements?

A

The noble gases, also inert (don’t react)

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8
Q

Why are the noble gases inert?

A

Have full shell of outer electrons, so don’t need to react

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9
Q

What happens when a group 1 metal reacts with water?

A

Group 1 metal (s) + water = group 1 metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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10
Q

What happens as you go down the group 1 metals? (atomic number increases)

A

They become more reactive

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11
Q

What happens when Lithium reacts with water?

A

Fizzing
Moves around water
Water goes Alkaline

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12
Q

What happens when Sodium reacts with water?

A

Heavy fizzing
Moves quickly around surface
May ignite
Water goes Alkaline

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13
Q

What happens when Potassium reacts with water?

A

Lilac flame
Explodes
Water goes Alkaline

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14
Q

In group 1 why do atoms become more reactive?

A

They lose their outer electron easier, as they are further away from the nucleus so there’s less attraction to keep them

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15
Q

What happens as the atomic number increase in group 7? (going down the group)

A

Darker colour, higher boiling point

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16
Q

Why the higher up in group7 the more reactive the element is?

A

Because the shell with the missing electron is nearer to the nucleus, so the pull from the positive nucleus is greater

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17
Q

What are the elements in group 7 called?

A

The halogens

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18
Q

Properties of Chlorine?

A

Green, gas at room temp

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19
Q

Properties of bromine?

A

Red-brown, liquid at room temp

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20
Q

Properties of Iodine?

A

Dark grey, solid at room temp

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21
Q

What happens when Halogens combine with hydrogen?q

A

They form hydrogen halides eg. Hydrogen Chloride

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22
Q

What happens when HCL is dissolved into water?

A

The HCL molecules split up into into H+ ions and CL- ions, this is dissociation creating Hydrochloric acid

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23
Q

Why is Hydrochloric acid acidic?

A

Due to the H+ ions

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24
Q

What happens if HCL is dissolved into Methylbenzene?

A

It doesn’t dissociate, so there are no H+ ions, so it’s not acidic

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25
What's a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive pushes out a less reactive element from a compound
26
In displacement reactions when is an orange solution formed?
When potassium Bromide displaces Chlorine from Chlorine water
27
In displacement reactions, when is a brown solution formed?
When Potassium Iodine solution displaces Bromine or chlorine from Bromine or Chlorine water
28
What do Halogen displacement reactions involved?
Transfer of electrons
29
How does a does transfer of electrons work in a displacement reaction?
The element displacing the other Element gains electrons to become negatively charged, whilst the other element becomes neutral
30
What's oxidation?
Loss of electrons
31
What's reduction?
Gain of electrons
32
What's an oxidising agent?
An element which accepts electrons
33
What's a reducing agent?
An element which donates electrons and gets oxdisede
34
What's a redox reaction?
Where Reduction and oxidation happen at the same time
35
What's the formula if you react an acid and metal?
Acid + Metal = salt + hydrogen
36
How is the speed measured when a acid reacts with a metal?
The amount of bubbles given off
37
How's the hydrogen produced confirmed when an acid reacts with a metal?
Squeaky pop test
38
What salts does hydrochloric acid produce?
Chloride salts
39
What salts does sulphuric acid produce?
Sulphate salts
40
Equation when a metal reacts with water?
Metal + water = Metal Hydroxide + hydrogen
41
Which metals react vigorously with water?
Very reactive ones
42
Which metals only react steam?
Less reactive ones
43
Which metals don't react with water or steam?
Extremely unreactive ones
44
What does the reactivity series show?
How well a metal reacts
45
What's the reactivity series?
``` Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Copper Silver Gold ```
46
What does a more reactive metal to do a less reactive metal?
Displaces it, eg. Iron oxide + aluminium = Aluminium oxide + iron
47
What can these displacement reactions allow you to know?
The reactivity series
48
What has to be present for Iron or Steel to corrode to make rust?
Oxygen and water
49
Equation for when iron, oxygen and water mix?
Iron + Oxygen + water = Hydrated Iron + oxide (rust)
50
What's the barrier method of preventing rust?
Paint the iron, or oil the iron, both keep the oxygen and water from the iron
51
What's the sacrificial method of preventing rust?
Is putting a coating of a more reactive metal (galvanising), over the iron so the water and oxygen instead react with this
52
What percent if Nitrogen is in the air?
78%
53
What percent of oxygen is in the air?
21%
54
What percent of Argon is in the air?
1%
55
What percent of CO2 is in the air?
0.04%
56
With Copper how do you prove the air is 20% oxygen?
Heat copper with air, and see how much the air in the syringe, should be by 20%
57
How can you use Iron to prove the air is 20% oxygen?
Iron reacts with air to from rust, so some oxygen will be used up in the reaction, use iron wool with acetic acid (to catalyse the reaction) and see how much oxygen is used up in the reaction
58
How do you make Oxygen in the lab?
Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, using the catalyst manganese to speed the reaction up
59
What's collection over water?
When you bubble the gas into an upside down measuring cylinder filled with water
60
What can you a gas syringe for?
To collect gas
61
What happens when a element reacts with oxygen?
An oxide is produced
62
What happens when magnesium reacts with oxygen?
Bright white flame White powder (magnesium oxide) Alkaline when dissolved in water
63
What happens when carbon reacts with oxygen?
Orange/yellow flame Produces carbon dioxide gas Acidic when dissolved in water
64
What happens when sulphur reacts with oxygen?
Pale blue flame Produces sulphur dioxide gas Acidic when dissolved in water
65
When do you use upward delivery to collect a gas?
When it's lighter than air
66
When do you use downward delivery to collect a gas?
When it's heavier than air
67
Equation for when calcium carbonate (marble chips) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?
Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate = Calcium chloride + water + carbon Dioxide
68
What's a different way of creating CO2?
Heating a metal carbonate
69
What's thermal decomposition?
When a substance breaks down into simpler substances when heated
70
Equation for when copper carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition?
Copper carbonate= Copper oxide + Carbon Dioxide
71
How to test for Carbonates?
Add dilute hydrochloric acid, if carbonates are present CO2 will be produced, check for this with limewater method
72
How to test for Sulphates?
Add dilute HCL followed by Barium chloride solution, if sulphates are present, white precipitate formed. (HCL added to remove carbonate or sulphite ions)
73
What's a halide?
A bromide, chloride or iodide ion
74
How to test for Halides?
Add dilute Nitric acid, and Silver Nitrate solution
75
Once done the Halide test what will Chloride ions show?
White precipitate for silver chloride
76
Once done the Halide test what will Bromide ions show?
Cream precipitate for silver Bromide
77
Once done the Halide test what will Iodide ions show?
Yellow precipitate for silver iodide
78
Why is the Nitric acid added in the halide test?
To get rid of Carbonate or Sulphite ions
79
Test for chlorine?
Bleaches damp litmus paper
80
Test for oxygen?
Relights a glowing splint
81
Test for Carbon Dioxide?
Turns limewater cloudy
82
Test for Hydrogen?
Squeaky pop with a lighted splint
83
Test for Ammonia?
Turns damp litmus paper blue
84
What can you use a test for water?
Copper sulphate crystals, blue when water is present, white when it isn't (anhydrous)
85
What does it mean if a sample is pure?
Only one substance, so it has defined physical properties eg. melting and boiling point
86
What are the group 1 elements called?
The alkali metals

Chemistry (9 decks)

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