Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is free radical substitution?
Replacement of an atom or group of atoms by different atom or group if atoms
Chlorination-homo or heterolytic fission?
Homolytic fission
What are the issues with combustion with alcohols?
Less efficient as fuel than petrol because already partially oxidized
Produced by fermentation
Ethical problems
What are the factors that affect the rate of Nucleophilic Substitution?
- Nature of Nucleophile:
CN>OH> NH3>H2O - The Nature of the Halogen
C-I> C-Br> C-Cl the stronger the bond the slower - Nature of Halogenalkane
3>2>1 Sn1 is faster than Sn2 because Sn2 involves a transition state with relatively high activation energy
Branching of C does what to the boiling point?
Lowers b.p because it reices contact surface
How can u form an ester?
Carboxylic acid and alcohol; condensation reaction
Geometrical isomerism physical properties
Differ b.p cis high, trans low
Decomposition cis low, trans high
Intermolecular forces weaker in cis than trans
Geometrical isomerism chemical properties
Similar
What is a condition for optical isomerism to occur?
Chiral carbon- 4 different groups bonded
What are enantiomers?
2 isomers that are MIRROR images
Enantiomers physical and chemical properties differences?
- Identical physical properties
2. Similar except when they interact with other optically active substances
What is the instrument used to distinguish between enantiomers, and how could they be distinguished using this instrument?
- Plane polarized light
2. Rotate in opposite direction
