FOC

Question 1

Elimination reaction conditions

Answer 1

Concentrated H2SO4

Conc. HNO3

Question 2

Condensation reaction

Addition elimination-

Answer 2

Take H2O out, make chain longer

Addition first- then proton transfers and carbon forms double bond and water is lost

Question 3

Advantages of 2.4-DNP

Answer 3

Easy to make and purify, convenient

Question 4

Benzene undergo what kind of reactions?

Answer 4

SUBSTITUTION ONLY

Question 5

CH2Br-benzene: How does this undergo substitution?

Answer 5

Behaves like normal halogenalkane, nucleophilic substitution

Question 6

Br-benzene: how does it undergo nucleophilic Substitution?

Answer 6

Very slowly or not at all:

1. Unable to attack because of nucleophile repelled by dense e- cloud
2. C-Br bond is strong- because Br pair of e- able to interact with e- in benzene making the bond shorter and stronger- difficult to break

Question 7

Grignard formation? Condition?

Answer 7

R-Mg-X

Non-polar solvent-ether

Question 8

How can carboxylic acids become more acidic?

Answer 8

Addition of electron withdrawing atoms (Cl) further delocalizes negative charge on anion

Question 9

How can you decrease acidity of carboxylic acid?

Answer 9

Positive inductive effect decreases acidity-decrease ability of the charge to delocalize

Question 10

Acidity of phenols

Answer 10

1. Weakly acidic
2. Phenol less acidic than carboxylic acid- react with sodium and form salts
3. Substituted phenols containing e- withdrawing groups are much more acidic as negative charge can be further delicalized

Question 11

Ammonia basicity?

Answer 11

Weak base- forms salts with strong acids

Question 12

Amines vs. Ammonia “basicity”

Answer 12

Amines more basic because of Positive Inductive Effect increases the e-density of the non bonding pair of electrons

Question 13

Aminobenzene Basicity? Why?

Answer 13

Least Basic- the non bonding pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is delocalized with the electrons in the ring and so is less available to donate to a proton

Question 14

What are two important features in Substitution reactions of methylbenzene?

Answer 14

1. The reaction is faster than the chlorination of Benzene

2. The products 2,4- substituted isomers- more stable PIE

Question 15

Electron withdrawing WITHOUT non-bonded pair in benzene compounds

Answer 15

• substitution reaction slower

- substitution direct towards 3-position

Question 16

Electron withdrawing WITH a non-bonded pair in benzene compounds

Answer 16

• reactive (faster) towards electrophilic substitution than benzene
• delocalization able to include lone pair –increasing the e- density and making them much more attracted to electrophiles

Question 17

Nitriles hydrolyzed in the presence of what to form what?

Answer 17

In presence of acid (H+) to form carboxylic acid