Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

chemistry > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the ways of representing organic compounds

A

general formula, empirical formula,molecular formula, structural, displayed, skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a functional group

A

the part of the molecule responsible for chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a homologous series

A

series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is what is a aliphatic organic compound

A

straight chains or rings, no benzene rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an alicylic organic compound

A

rings of aliphatic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is an aromatic organic compound

A

contains benzene rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the different kinds of organic compound

A

alkanes
alkenes
alcohols
carboxylic acids
esters
haloalkanes
aldehydes
ketones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is an isomer

A

same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two kinds of isomerism

A

structural and sterioisomerism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is structural isomerism

A

same molecular formula but different structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the different types of structural isomerism

A

chain, positional and functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is chain isomerism

A

can have branched chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is positional isomerism

A

functional group is in a different place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is functional group isomerism

A

functional group is different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is stereo isomerism?

A

Compounds with the same structural formula, batch a different arrangement of atoms in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain EZ isomerism

A

Occurs in compounds with a double bond as it cannot rotate so can exist as two different isomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you know which isomer is the Z isomer

A

When the higher priority element on each carbon is on the same side

19
Q

Explain the properties of EZ isomers

A

If the functional groups are held differently, they can have different physical and chemical properties. They will also pack together differently, and this affects physical properties, particular, melting and boiling point.

20
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

21
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Saturated, hydrocarbons containing single bonds

22
Q

Why do alkanes have low reactivity?

A

High bond, enthalpy, and low polarity of the sigma bonds

23
Q

How do you melting point and boiling point change with increased carbons in alkanes

A

Increase as the amount of carbons do

24
Q

Why do melting point and boiling point increase along with the amount of carbonS

A

As number of carbons and electrons increase, London forces also increase so more energy is needed to overcome them

25
Q

Explain how and why melting point and boiling point change with increased branching

A

Decreases as straight chains can be packed closer together, so intermolecular forces are closer together whereas branched chains cannot pack close together so the forces are weaker

26
Q

What are two products, along with water, that are the result of incomplete combustion of alkanes

A

Carbon monoxide and carbon particulates

27
Q

What are the problems with carbon monoxide?

A

It’s poisonous as it binds to haemoglobin more readily than oxygen

28
Q

What is the problem with carbon particulates?

A

Causes respiratory issues and global dimming

29
Q

What does cracking do

A

Break down long chained hydrocarbons into short chained alkanes and Alkenes

30
Q

How can branched alkanes be formed from cracking

A

Passing the vapour of straight chained alkanes over a hot platinum catalyst

31
Q

How to produce cyclic alkanes form straight chained alkanes in cracking

A

Using a bimetallic catalyst e.g. platinum and rhenium

32
Q

What is bond breaking also known as

A

Bond fission

33
Q

What is another term for unbounded electrons

A

Radicals

34
Q

What are the types of bond fission

A

Homolytic fission
Heterolytic fission

35
Q

What is homolytic fission

A

Each bonded atom takes an electron forming 2 radicals

36
Q

What is heterolytic fission

A

One of the bonded atoms takes both of the shared electrons

37
Q

What is a nucleophile

A

Reactant that attacks electron efficient areas donating electron pairs

38
Q

What is an electrophile

A

Reactant that attacks electron rich areas accepting an electron pair

39
Q

What are the 3 types of reaction with explanation

A

Addition- 2 reactants combine to makes one product
Substitution- atom is replaced so 2 reactants become two products
Elimination- removal of a molecule so one reactant reacts to form 2 products

40
Q

What is the bond angle of alkenes and why

A

The bonding pairs repel each other as far as possible leading to a bond angle of 120

41
Q

What are the factors of Alkene bonds

A

Covalent, saturated, sigma, non polar, strong

42
Q

What is and explain the bond that forms the double bond in an alkene

A

Pi bond formed from the overlapping of p orbitals

43
Q

What is bond enthalpy

A

The energy required to break one mole of a specific type of bond in a gaseous molecule

chemistry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions