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chemistry > Foundations in chemistry > Flashcards

Foundations in chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the real active mass of an electron proton and neutron

A

Proton is 1
Neutron is 1
Electron is 1/1836

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2
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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3
Q

What is relative isotopic mass

A

Mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th mass of carbon 12

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4
Q

What is relative atomic mass

A

Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th mass of carbon 12

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5
Q

How many electrons are on each shell

A

1 has 2 electrons
2 has 8 electrons
3 has 18 electrons
4 has 32 electrons

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6
Q

What is a orbital

A

A region of space around the
Nucleus that can hold two electrons with paired spins

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7
Q

What orbitals do each energy levels have

A

1st has only s
2nd has s and p
3rd has s , p and d
4th has s , p , d and f

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8
Q

How many orbitals do each sub shell have

A

S has 1
P has 3
D has 5
F has 7

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9
Q

Why do electrons in the same orbital get drawn as oppositely facing arrows

A

The negative electrons repel each other and it also indicated the electrons spin

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10
Q

What is the electron configuration of carbon

A

1s2 2s2 2p2

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11
Q

how to write short hand electron configuration

A

replacing orbitals with the most recent preceding noble gas’s known electron configuration

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12
Q

what is the shorthand configuration of chlorine

A

[Ne]3s²3p5

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13
Q

what are the noble gas facts

A

full valence electron shells
monoatomic non metal gases at room temp
very stable
high ionising energies
do not combust
low bp

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14
Q

what is ionic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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15
Q

what happens to electrons in ionic bonding

A

they are transferred

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16
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

shared pair of electrons

17
Q

What is a dative covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons that have been donated by only of the bonded atoms for example NH4

18
Q

What groups can break the octet rule

A

5-7

19
Q

In double and triple covalent bonds all atoms have the structure of the…

A

Nearest noble gas

19
Q

How is expanding the octet possible

A

In the. 3rd shell when a d sub shell becomes available

20
Q

How do dative covalent bonds usually occur

A

When a compound reacts with a H+ ion

21
Q

What is the name and bond angle of a covalent molecule with 2 electron pairs

A

Linear
180

22
Q

What is electron repulsion theory

A

The shape of a molecule is determined by the number of electron pairs and electrons repel each other

23
Q

What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 3 electron pairs

A

Triagonal planar
120

24
Q

What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 4 electron pairs

A

Tetrahedral
109.5

25
Q

What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 5 electron pairs

A

Trigonal bipyramidal
120/90

26
Q

What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 6 electron pairs

A

Octaheadral
90

27
Q

What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 1 lone pair

A

Pyramidal
107

28
Q

What is the name and bond angle of of a molecule with 2 lone pairsb

A

Non linear
104.5

29
Q

what is electronegativity

A

A measure of the ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond

30
Q

What are examples of very electronegative elements

A

oxygen, florine, chlorine, nitrogen etc

31
Q

what are factors affecting electronegativity

A

atomic charge
distance from the nucleus
electron shielding

32
Q

what is a HCl bond known as

A

polar covalent bond

33
Q

what must a molecule be for it to be polar

A

asymmetrical

34
Q

what does a polar molecule form

A

a dipole

35
Q

why are symmetrical molecules non polar

A

the dipoles cancel each other

36
Q

do lone pairs cause symmetrical or asymmetrical molecules

A

asymmetrical

chemistry (3 decks)

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