Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
a compound made up of hydrogen and carbon only
What is a molecular formula?
actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
What is an empirical formula?
simples whole number ratio of the atoms present in a compound
What is the general formula?
relationship between number of atoms of element to another within a molecule.
What is a structural formula?
shows how the atoms in a molecule are joined together
What is the displayed formula?
a full display of a compounds structure which shows all the bonds in a molecule as lines
What is a homologous series?
a group of substances with the same general formula, similar chemical properties, same functional group and a trend in physical properties
What is a functional group?
a atom/group of atoms that determine chemical properties of a compound
What are isomers?
molecules with the same molecular formula but different structure as they are arrange differently
eg. but-1-ene and but-2-ene
How are compounds named (IUPAC)?
based on the number of carbons in the longest chain
- meth 2. eth 3. prop 4. but
How do you name straight chain alkanes?
count number of carbons in longest chain and use that number and correlate it to the IUPAC and add ‘ane’ to the end of it.
How do you name straight chain alkenes?
alkenes have a carbon to carbon double bond and 2 fewer hydrogens than alkanes. add ‘ene’ to the end of the word based on the longest carbon chain number. depending on the location of the double bond you must place the number of the spot it’s in.
How do you name branched alkanes and alkenes?
add ‘thyl’ to the end of the word based on how many carbon branches there are. then add the name of the compound after. the number you put before the ‘thyl’ indicated which spot the branch is on. if there are more than one used commas between.
eg. 2,3 - methyl hexane
