organic chemistry Flashcards
effect of longer carbon chain on boiling point (eg. octane + pentane)
both molecules are alkanes
no diff in functional groups
both only experience london forces
molecules have different lengths. longer octane molecules have more sites for temporary dipoles to form and hence form more London forces with other molecules. this results in greater IMF, more energy…
organic molecules
molecules containing carbon atoms
excl. CO2, carbon monoxide,diamond,graphite , carbonates, carbides,cyanides
sources of carbon
diamond and graphite
sources of carbon compounds
photosynthesis, plants or fossil fuels
unique properties of carbon
4 valence electrons
electronegativity (similar to H)
C-C can exist as long branched or unbranched chains, or in ring structures
can bond w, S,H,O,N and halogens
hydrocarbon
a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
saturated compound
compound in which all of the bonds
between carbon atoms are single bonds
unsaturated compound
compound in which there is at
least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms
functional group
an atom or a group of atoms that form the
centre of chemical activity in the molecule
homologous series
a series of similar compounds which
have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit
structural isomers
compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
combustion reactions
exothermic reaction with oxygen where Ep (in form of fossil fuels) is transformed into thermal energy
redox reaction
3 types of isomers
chain (diff chain length)
positional (functional/sub group position diff)
functional ( diff functional groups)
