organic chemistry

Question 1

effect of longer carbon chain on boiling point (eg. octane + pentane)

Answer 1

both molecules are alkanes
no diff in functional groups
both only experience london forces
molecules have different lengths. longer octane molecules have more sites for temporary dipoles to form and hence form more London forces with other molecules. this results in greater IMF, more energy…

Question 2

organic molecules

Answer 2

molecules containing carbon atoms
excl. CO2, carbon monoxide,diamond,graphite , carbonates, carbides,cyanides

Question 3

sources of carbon

Answer 3

diamond and graphite

Question 4

sources of carbon compounds

Answer 4

photosynthesis, plants or fossil fuels

Question 5

unique properties of carbon

Answer 5

4 valence electrons
electronegativity (similar to H)
C-C can exist as long branched or unbranched chains, or in ring structures
can bond w, S,H,O,N and halogens

Question 6

hydrocarbon

Answer 6

a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 7

saturated compound

Answer 7

compound in which all of the bonds
between carbon atoms are single bonds

Question 8

unsaturated compound

Answer 8

compound in which there is at
least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms

Question 9

functional group

Answer 9

an atom or a group of atoms that form the
centre of chemical activity in the molecule

Question 10

homologous series

Answer 10

a series of similar compounds which
have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

Question 11

structural isomers

Answer 11

compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 12

combustion reactions

Answer 12

exothermic
fossil fuels important in ability to transform Ep to thermal energy