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equilibrium Flashcards

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1
Q

le chatliers principle

A

when an external stress (change in concentration,pressure or temperature) is applied to a system in dynamic chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium (point) will change in such a way as to counteract the stress

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2
Q

dynamic chemical equilibrium

A

reversible rxn in which fwd + rvs reactions are taking place at the same rate, and hence the concentrations of reactants and products are constant

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3
Q

closed system

A

one in which mass is conserved inside the system but energy can enter or leave the system freely

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4
Q

open system

A

one in which both energy and matter can be exchanged between the system and its surroundings

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5
Q

decrease in temp

A

favours exothermic rxn to replace removed energy PRODUCE
^H<0
down-exit- negative- make out

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6
Q

increase in temp

A

favours endothermic to USE UP added energy
^H>0 positive
energy is reactant

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7
Q

decrease in volume

A

increase in pressure
both rxns experience increase in rate, rxn that produces fewer moles favoured

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8
Q

kc>1

A

eqm lies closer to products- RIGHT
graphs cross
[products] big
[reactants] small
graphs cross

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9
Q

kc<1

A

eqm lies closer to reactants (LEFT)
[products] small
[reactants] big
graphs never intersect

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10
Q

reversible rxn

A

one in which products can be converted
back into reactants

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11
Q

le chatliers answering

A

Disturbance (separate from result)
Oppose
Favoured Reaction (higher rate- fwd or rvs)
Eqm shift (fwd- left, rvs-right)
Result (observations)

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12
Q

concentration effects

A

direct- adding or removing product or reactant
indirect - involving substance nit in mixture (common ion effect, precipitation rxn)

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13
Q

concentration of reactant increased

A

d: increase in [ reactant ]
o: according to LCP, the system will favour the reaction that uses up reactant
f: therefore fwd rxn favoured
e: eqm shifts right to restore eqm
r: result specific to rxn , mention that reactants decrease therefore products increase

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14
Q

common ion effect w increase in product concentration

A

d: increase in [reactant] using common uon effect
o: according to LCP, system will favour rxn that uses up product
f: therefore rvs rxn favoured
e: eqm shift left to restore eqm
r: result, state that product decrease and reactant increase

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15
Q

precipitation rxn where [product] decrease

A

d: decrease in [product] due to precipitation
o: according to LCP, system favour rxn that increases [product]
f: fwd
e: right
r: specific to rxn

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16
Q

pressure

A

inversely proportional to volume
change in volume will affect concentration of all gases
both fwd + rvs rxn

17
Q

LCP decrease in volume

A

d: decrease in volume causes increase in pressure, both fwd+ rvs rates increase
o: according to LCP system favour rxn that produces fewer moles of gas (look at mole ratio )
f: rxn favoured
e: eqm shifts
r: specific to q

18
Q

LCP increase in volume

A

d: increase in volume causes decrease in pressure, both fwd+ rvs rates decrease
o: according to LCP system favour rxn that produces more moles of gas (look at mole ratio )
f: rxn favoured
e: eqm shifts
r: specific to q

19
Q

decrease in temperature favoured?

A

exothermic
decrease - exit- exo

20
Q

decrease in temp

A

d: decrease in temp
o: bith fwd + rvs rates decrease, LCP - system favor rxn that increases temp (produces energy) and therefore favour exothermic rxn
rest is rxn dependent

21
Q

increase in temp favour?

A

endothermic
IN crease ENdo

22
Q

increase in temp

A

d: increase in temp
o: bith fwd + rvs rates increase due to increase in Ek, LCP - system favor rxn that decreases temp (uses endothermic and therefore favour exothermic rxn
rest is rxn dependent

23
Q

energy product

A

energy released
heat of reaction negative
fwd rxn - exothermic
rvs rxn - endothermic

24
Q

energy reactant

A

energy used up
heat of reaction positive
fwd- endothermic
rvs: exothermic

25
Q

catalyst

A

always increases
equal effect on fwd + rvs reactions
eqm position unchanged
[reactants] and [products] remains same

26
Q

Kc

A

only for aq + g
mole coefficients become exponents
unaffected by change in pressure or concentration
affected by change in temperature (favour rvs to decrease, favour fwd- increase)

27
Q

find kc

A

use moles to get concentration
sub into expression
kc not at eqm- reaction quotient Q compare Kc to Q

28
Q

Ka

A

acid
large- strong acid ionises almost completely
small- weak acid, partial ionisation

29
Q

Kb

A

base
large- strong base dissociates completely
small- weak base

30
Q

Ksp

A

solubility product
production of ions
if possible- soluble
if negative- insoluble

physics (36 decks)

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