organic chemistry. Flashcards
what is crude oil made out of?
mix of different compounds.
many compounds only contain hydrogen and carbon.
called hydrocarbons.
what are alkanes?
saturated hydrocarbons.
only has a single covalent bond.
number of carbons and molecular formula of: methane.
- CH₄
number of carbons and molecular formula of: ethane.
2.
C₂H₆
number of carbons and molecular formula of: propane.
3.
C₃H₈
number of carbons and molecular formula of: butane.
4.
C₄H₁₀
number of carbons and molecular formula of: pentane.
5.
C₅H₁₂
what are NPK fertilisers made from?
formulations containing nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium compounds.
what are the three types of fertilisers?
nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium.
how is nitrogen fertiliser made and what is it used for specifically?
from ammonia.
manufacture salts and nitric acid.
how is phosphorous fertiliser made and what can it be used to make?
comes from mined phosphate rocks.
treat rock with nitric, phosphoric or sulphuric acid.
- with nitric acid produces phosphoric acid and calcium sulphate.
- with phosphoric acid produces calcium phosphate.
- with sulphuric acid to produce calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate.
how is potassium fertiliser made and what are its common sources?
obtained by mining.
potassium chloride and potassium sulphate- common sources.
how is crude oil separated?
heated and cooled at different temperatures.
different hydrocarbons boil at different temperatures so they separate.
are the fractions pure substances or mixtures and how can you tell?
mixture?
different boiling points?
how does the different size of the hydrocarbons affect its properties?
small: big:
boiling point: lower. higher.
flammability: higher. lower.
cleanliness of flame: clear. smoky.
viscosity: runny. thick.
