organic chemistry Flashcards
what is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH2n+2
how is crude oil formed and where is it found?
formed over millions of years from the remains of plankton buried in mud, and is found in rocks
viscosity
thickness of a fluid
fluids with a high viscosity flow _____
slowly
the molecules of hyrdocarbons become _____ viscous as they get _____.
more viscous
larger
the boiling points of short chain hydrocarbons are
lower than room temperature
short chain hydrocarbons are _____ flammable because
very
they have low viscosity
fractional distillation of crude oil
- the crude oil is heated to a very high temperature, causing it to boil
- the hydrocarbons evaporate and become gas
- the vapour is fed up the distillation column
- the column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top, the vapours rise up it
- they condense when they reach their boiling points and are removed once they do this
- this continues for those that condense further up the column
long chain hydrocarbons have _____ boiling points, so are removed from the _________
high
bottom of the column
short chain hydrocarbons have very _______ boiling points, they do not ______ but are extracted as _____
low
condense
gases
feedstock
a chemical that is used to make other chemicals
some hydrocarbons are used as this
alkene
has at least one double bond between carbon atoms
long chain hydrocarbons do not make good ______ because they are not very ______
fuels
flammable
cracking
the breaking down of longer chain molecules to make smaller, more useful ones
catalytic cracking
uses high temperature and a catalyst
