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chemistry flashcards > acids and bases > Flashcards

acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

reactions between metals and acids can only occur when…

A

the metal is above hydrogen on the reactivity series

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2
Q

when acid is dissolved in water ___ are released

A

hydrogen ions.
—————————-

the hydrogen that ALL ACIDS CONTAIN is released as hydrogen ions

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3
Q

what happens when a rection takes place between a metal and an acid?

A

a salt is formed

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4
Q

“salt” is a general name for a ______ formed when _______ in an ______ is wholly, or partially replaced by a _______ (or ________ ions)

A

a compound formed when hydrogen in an acid is wholly, or partially replaced by a metal (or ammonium ions)

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5
Q

metal + acid —>

A

a salt + hydrogen

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6
Q

why are alkali metals never used?

A

too reactive

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7
Q

salt made depends on…

A

metal you use (magnesium metal will make salts with magnesium ions)

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8
Q

acid used provides the

A

negative ions present in all the salts

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9
Q

hydrochloric acid —>

A

chlorides

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10
Q

sulfuric acid —>

A

sulfates

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11
Q

nitric acid—>

A

nitrates

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12
Q

metal atoms ___ electrons and are ____d

A

LOSE
————
oxidised

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13
Q

hydrogen ions ___ electrons and are _____d

A

GAIN
————
reduced

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14
Q

bases

A

compounds that can neutralise acids

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15
Q

alkalis

A

bases that are soluble in water

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16
Q

acid + base —>

A

a salt + water

NEUTRALISATION REACTION

17
Q

salts have no overall charge because

A

ionic compounds have no overall charge.

the sum of the charges on their ions equals 0

18
Q

acid + alkali —>

A

salt + water
NEUTRALISATION REACTION

19
Q

ionic equation

A

shows the ions, atoms, molecules that change when the new products are formed

20
Q

when mixing acids and alkalis to form salts you need _____ to decide when the reaction is done

A

an acid/base indicator
no observations can be made

21
Q

acid + a carbonate —>

A

a salt + water + carbon dioxide

22
Q

neutralisation equation

A

H+ + OH- ⇌ H2O

23
Q

strong acid

A

an acid that fully dissociates/ ionises in aqueous solutions

24
Q

examples of strong acids

A

HCl, H2SO4, HNO3
hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric

25
Q

weak acid

A

an acid that partially ionises

26
Q

weak acid examples

A

carbolic acid, ethanoic acid, citric acid

27
Q

concentration of an acid

A

amount of acid molecules in a given volume of solution

28
Q

as the ______ ________s by one unit, the concentration of _______ ________s by ___ times.

A

as the pH scale decreases by one unit, the concentration of Hydrogen ions increases by 10 times

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