organic chemistry Flashcards
what are free radicals?
species with unpaired electrons
are the properties of a free radical
highly reactive
at breaks down the covalent bond betwwen Br2
ultraviolet
why is ultraviolet used in a free radical reaction
so that the Br has a lone pair of electrons
and becomes a free radical
what is the chemical properties of alkanes
unreactive
difference in electronegativity is low
name the order of the haloalkenes
chloro bromo
ioda floro
what are structural isomers
same molecular formula
different structural formula
what are sterioisomers
molecules with the same structural formula
atoms are arragened differently
what are nucleophilies
they have lone pairs which are attracted to the electron deficient carbon atom
what does the nucleophile do
donates lone pair of electrons to form a covalent bond
what are electron deficent elements
partial/positive charge
what are E isomers
trans isomers
the priority are on opposite planes of carbon
what are Z isomers
cis isomers
priority is on the same plane
what conditions is needed during a nucleophilic substitiution
the nucleophile should be in an aqueous solution
addition of ethanol to make it soluble
outline the steps of a nucleophilic substitution
lone pair–> to C atom—>
middle of bond
then nucleophile is replaced with halogen
