Inorganic Chemistry- AS LEVEL Flashcards
what is the trend in the 1st ionisation energy in Period 3 elements.
Na-Ar.
-ionisation energy increases.
-nuclear charge increases: more protons
electrons attracted to
+ve nucleus
atomic radius decrease
as a result.
-shielding stays the same.
what is the trend in atomic radius for period 3 elements.
atomic radius increases.
what is the trend in melting points for period 3 elements - Na,Mg,Al
-increases
-the ionic charge
-sea of delocalised electrons icreases
… metallic bonds increase.
what is the trend in the atomic radius for group 2 metals?
increases as you go down the group
why does the atomic radius increase for group 2 elements>
no of energy levels increase.
what is the trend in the first ionisation energy for group 2 elements?
it decreases
why does the 1st IE decrease for group 2 elements?
outer electron is further away from the nucleus.
… greater amount of shielding
what is the trend in the melting point for group 2 elements?
it decreases
why does the melting point decreases for group 2?
sea of delocalised electrons are further away from nuclei.
charge density decreases
which group 2 element doesn’t fit with the melting point trend?
magnesium
TRUE or FALSE all group 2 elements become oxidised
TRUE
what is the trend in reactivity for group 2 elements with water?
it increases
what is the use of magnesium in the extraction of titanium from titanium chloride?
the magnesium displaces titanium chloride in order to produce titanium
what is the formation of the hydroxides?
(wen metals react with water)
X+2H2O–>Mg(OH)2 + H2
what is the trend in the solubility of the hydroxides in water?
solubility increases as you go down the group
TRUE or FALSE Mg(OH)2 is soluble in water
FALSE
what is Mg(OH)2 used for in medicine
neutralises excess stomach acid.
causes heartburn-indigestion-wind
what is the use of Ca(OH)2 in agriculture?
used to treat acidic soil
what other name is Ca(OH)2 referred to?
slaked lime
what is the trend in the solubility of the sulphates down the group
solubility decreases.
Mg- most soluble
Ba-least solublee
why is acidified BaCl2 solution used to test for sulphate ions?
remove carbonate ions as carbon dioxide
What are the results for the presence of sulphate from barium sulphate
a white percipitate of barium sulphate f formed
what is the usage of BaSO4 in medicine
used as a barium meal
to highlight the digestive tract under the X-ray.
why is the barium meal safe, even though BA is a hard metal
barim sulphate is very insoluble.
what is the property of flourine?
pale yellow gas
what are the properties of chlorine?
greenish gas
what are the properties of bromine
red brown liquid
what are the properties of iodine
a black solid
what is the trend in the atomic radius for the group 7 elements?
increases
extra shell of electrons
what is the trend in electronegativity for group 7 elements?
decreases
why does the trend in electronegativity decrease for group 7 elements?
outer electron is further from nucleus
greater sheilding
what is the trend in the boiling point for group 7 elements?
increases as you go down the group.
why does the trend in BP and MP occur for group 7 elements?
large atoms=great amount of electrons
van der Waals forces between molecules is stronger
what is meant by the term oxidising agent
when the thing gets reduced
so gain an electron
are the group 7 halogens oxidising agents?
YES
what is the trend in the oxidising agent for group 7 elements?
it decreases as you go down the group
fluorine the most
what happens during a displacement reaction of halide ions in an aqueous solution?
the halogen will react with a metal halide
give an example of a displacement reaction between a halogen
Cl2 + 2NaBr—-> 2NaCl + Br2
why does bromine get displaced in the reaction
Cl2 + NaBr—-> NaCl + Br2
chlorine is more reactive than bromine
TRUE or FALSE halide ions can act as reducing agents
TRUE
what happens to the halide ion when they are oxidised?
electron is given away
and it becomes a halogen molecule
what is the trend in the reducing ability forr the halogens?
it increases down the group
why does the reducing ability increase down the group?
an electron is lost from the outermost shell
due to large atomic radius and greater shielding
weaker attraction between the electron and nucleus
what do the sodium halides react with?
sulfuric acid
what is the process of sodium halides reacting with the sulfuric acid?
few drops of sulfuric acid is added to the sodium halide
what is an example of the reaction for sodium halides and sulfuric acid
NaCl + H2SO4—>NaHSO4 + HCl
what are the products for the reaction with sulfuric acid and the sodium halide
sodium hydrogensulfate (s)
and hydrogen chloride / hydrogen halide
How can we test for halides
Using silver nitrate
Why do we add nitric acid when we test for halides
To prevent silver nitrate from reacting with the carbonates and hydroxides
What is the colour change we add silver nitrate to fluorine
Colourless solution
What is the colour change when we add silver nitrate to chlorine
White precipitate
What is the colour change we add silver nitrate to bromine
Cream precipitate
What is the colour change when we react iodine with silver nitrate
Yellow precipitate
Why do we do further testing when we get the silver halides
The colours produced by chlorine iodine and bromine are too similar
