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NMAT 2022 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

composition of compounds in organic chemistry

A

C, H, O, N, S, P, Halogens

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2
Q

bonding in org chem

A

covalent

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3
Q

polar molecules are ______ with water
non-polar molecules are _____ with water

A

polar molecules are soluble with water
non-polar molecules are insoluble with water

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4
Q

melting point and boiling point is ______ for organic compounds

A

lower

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5
Q

phenomenon wherein 2 or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures

A

isomerism

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6
Q

chain isomerism is usually displayed by _________ and ________

A

alkanes and cycloalkanes

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7
Q

same structure, same connection of atoms, but different in the arrangement of atoms in 3D space

A

stereoisomers

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8
Q

have the same chain/parent but different in position of the functional group or multiple bonds

A

Positional isomers

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9
Q

molecules that display positional isomerism (5)

A

alkenes
alkynes
alcohols
alkyl halide
ketones

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10
Q

same molecular formula but different functional groups ; should be in pairs

A

functional isomerism

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11
Q

exhibit cis/trans isomerism, arises due to the presence of chiral carbon/ assymetrical carbons

A

optical isomers

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12
Q

due to the difference in EN, the ability of an atom to attract a pair of e- in a covalent bond

A

bond polarity

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13
Q

higher bond polarity = _____ EN

A

higher EN

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14
Q

%s, EN and bond is ______ proportional

A

directly proportional

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15
Q

s% & no. of bonds
sp3 =
sp2 =
sp =

A

s% & no. of bonds
sp3 = 25% , single
sp2 = 33.33%, double
sp = 50%, triple

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16
Q

Bond polarity is _______ proportional to bond energy

A

directly proportional

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17
Q

bond length and bond polarity is ______ proportional

A

inversely proportional

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18
Q

___ Angle strain = weaker, longer, less polar
___ Angle strain = most polar, stronger

A

higher angle strain = weaker, longer, less polar
lower Angle strain = most polar, stronger

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19
Q

single covalent bond between all the carbons

A

saturated hydrocarbons

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20
Q

at least 1 double or triple covalent bonds

A

Unsaturated covalent bonds

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21
Q

Alkanes formula

A

CnH2n+2

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22
Q

Type of hydrocarbon in a liquid state

A

Alkane

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23
Q

Alkanes have lower surface area, therefore lower vanderwaal’s interaction and ______ boiling point

A

lower boiling point

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24
Q

type of hydrocarbon that easily catches fire

A

alkane

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25
Q

Formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

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26
Q

True or False
in naming alkenes you must locate where the double bond is and include it in the name

A

True

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27
Q

Type of hydrocarbon with slight polarization

A

alkene

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28
Q

alkenes have _____ melting point and boiling point

A

high

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29
Q

Alkyne formula

A

CnH2n-2

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30
Q

more soluble to water than alkanes and alkenes

A

alkynes

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31
Q

3 atoms are hybridized, very stable

A

benzene

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32
Q

benzene formula

A

C6H6

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33
Q

Huckels rule

A

4n+2

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34
Q

Funtional groups:
nitro
amino

A

nitro = NO2
amino = NH2

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35
Q

benzene ring + OH

A

phenol

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36
Q

benzene ring + CH3

A

toluene

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37
Q

benzene ring + CHO

A

benzaldehyde

38
Q

benzene ring + COOH

A

benzoic acid

39
Q

benzene ring + CH=CH2

40
Q

benzene ring + NH2

41
Q

benzene ring + SO3H

A

benzene sulfonic acid

42
Q

benzene ring + CH2

43
Q

Alcohol functional group

44
Q

Phenol functional group

45
Q

Ether functional group

46
Q

Amine functional group

A

R-N-R”
R

47
Q

Amide Functional group

A

O (double bonded to C)
R-C-N-R’
N

48
Q

Aldehyde functional group

49
Q

Ketone functional group

50
Q

Carboxylic acids functional group

51
Q

Ester functional group

52
Q

O (double bonded)
CH3-C-CH3

53
Q

compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms

A

Alkyl halides

54
Q

higher boiling point than alkanes
Little to no solubility in water

A

Alkyl halides

55
Q

alcohols has ______ bonding

56
Q

other name for vitamin A

57
Q

Stronger hydrogen bonding than alcohols

58
Q

Examples of Phenols

A

Antioxidants (vit E)
Vanillin
Capsaicin
Estradiol
Testosterone

59
Q

Grignard reacts with aldehydes or ketones to form _______

60
Q

Oxidized primary alcohol –> _______ + _______

A

aldehyde + carboxylic acid

61
Q

Oxidized secondary alcohol

62
Q

sp3 hybridized oxygen

63
Q

true or false
ethers have no hydrogen bonding

64
Q

ethers have ________ which is the ability to react with oxygen to form peroxide

A

autoxidation

65
Q

Organic derivatives of ammonia (NH3)

66
Q

weak organic base + hydrogen bonding

67
Q

the difference between primary and secondary amines and tertiary amines is that _______ cannot hydrogen bond together

A

tertiary amines

68
Q

_______ and _____ amines have ower boiling point than alcohols and carboxylic acids

A

Primary and secondary amines

69
Q

Arrange BP from lowest to highest:

primary/secondary amines
ketone
alcohols
aldehydes
carboxylic acids
tertiary amines/alkanes

A

Tertiary amines/Alkanes
primary/secondary amines
Aldehydes
Ketones
Alcohols
Carboxylic Acids

70
Q

Carboxylic acid + Amine = ______ + Water

A

Carboxylic acid + Amine = Amide + Water

71
Q

Susceptible to nucleophilic addition reactions

72
Q

aldehyde under acidic conditions forms ________

A

carboxylic acid

73
Q

aldehyde under alkaline conditions forms _________

A

Salt of carboxylic acid

74
Q

________ are resistant to oxidation

75
Q

ketones are reduced to _______

A

secondary alcohol

76
Q

Precursors to compounds: esters, aldehydes, ketones

A

Carboxylic acids

77
Q

can be a hydrogen acceptor and hydrogen donor

A

Carboxylic acids

78
Q

solubility of carboxylic compounds
More than 5 carbons: ______
Less than 5 carbons: _______

A

More than 5 carbons: insoluble
Less than 5 carbons: soluble

79
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohol

A

Carboxylic Acid

80
Q

React with nucleophiles

81
Q

Fragrant: used in perfumes, essential oils + pheromones

82
Q

Esters are derivatives of __________

A

carboxylic acids

83
Q

Preparation: Esterfication ________ + ________ = Ester

A

Carboxylic acid + Alcohol

84
Q

IMF and BP is _______ proportional

A

directly proportional

85
Q

Arrange the forces from weakest to strongest

A

Van der Waals/London Forces
Dipole-Dipole
Hydrogen Bonding
Ionic

86
Q

Molecular weight and BP is _______ proportional

A

directly proportional

87
Q

branching and BP are _______ proportional

A

inversely proportional

88
Q

Types of addition reactions

A

Hydrogenation
Addition of halogen
Addition of hydrogen halide

89
Q

breaking of C-H bonds in an alkane or aromatic ring, replacing it with another atom or group of atoms. Occurs at room temperature or light may be necessary

A

Substitution

90
Q

Alkane cracked into alkene

A

elimination

91
Q

Donates electrons
Negatively charged or have Lone Pair Electron rich

A

Nucleophilic

92
Q

Accepts electrons
Positively charged
Electron deficient

A

Electrophilic

NMAT 2022 (4 decks)

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