ORGANIC: carbohydrates

Question 1

what is a carb

Answer 1

commonly known as sugars. contain c,h,o2

Question 2

chemical formula for glucose

Answer 2

C:H:O (1:2:1) = c6 h12 06

Question 3

single sugar unit

Answer 3

monosaccharide- building block for more complex sugars classified by number of sugars present.

Question 4

classification of carbs

Answer 4

1= monosaccharide
2= disaccharides
many= polysaccharides

Question 5

monosaccharides

Answer 5

single sugars cannot be hydrolysed into a simpler form.
GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE
soluble and sweet, form crystals when sugar solution dries out.
glucose is osmotically active = when is dissolves in h2o it lowers protoplasm in water potential which draws water into the cells.

Question 6

disaccharides

Answer 6

2 monosaccharides joined together in a glycosidic bond

MALTOSE ( seeds/beer) , SUCROSE (plants, sweetener) AND LACTOSE (milk)

Question 7

dehydrolysis

Answer 7

2 monomers join together and a water molecule is released. polymers build up - anabolic reaction involves the use of energy

Question 8

hydrolysis

Answer 8

water molecules are added when the bond between monomers are split. the breakdown of polymers- catabolic reaction as energy is being released.

Question 9

examples of dissacharides

Answer 9

glucose+ glusocse = maltose + water
glucose + fructose = sucrose + water
glucose + galactose = lactose + water

Question 10

polysaccharides

Answer 10

macromolecules = made from 100’s of glucose molecules.
long chains or folded branches
STARCH, CELLULOSE, GLYCOGEN

Question 11

starch

Answer 11

found in plants. insoluble in water. energy storage molecule in plant cells.
2 types of starch: amylose, amylopectin
digested as enzymes:
starch ___e___maltose___e___maltose__e__glucose

Question 12

cellulose

Answer 12

found in pant cell walls can only be broken down by enzymes found in plants and some bacteria. human body cannot digest cellulose therefore it is considered roughage and fibre.
cellulose__e__cellobiose__e__glucose

Question 13

glycogen

Answer 13

found in animals and stored in the muscles and liver.

glycogen__e__glucose

Question 14

polysaccharides

Answer 14

insoluble in water because they are too large. osmotically inactive- good storage tool. no taste and don’t from crystals.

Question 15

biological importance of carbohydrates

Answer 15

important source of chemical energy for cellular respiration

soluble sugars such as glucose control osmotic balance of the protoplasm.

starch and glycogen are a reserve energy source

structural role for cellulose.