Organic 1 Flashcards
Homologous series
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties who is successive members differ by the addition of -CH2
Functional group
The part of the molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties
General formula
Simplest algebraic formula for any member of the homologous series
Structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
In alkanes
Where are alkanes found and what are their uses
Most stable organic compounds found in natural gas and crude oil lack of reactivity allows crude oil to remain in the Earth alkanes are used as fuels exploiting their reaction with oxygen to generate heat
Boiling point trend in alkanes
Increases as chain length increases as molecules have a larger surface area so there are more surface points of contact and more London forces can be formed that are greater
Reactions of alkanes
Combustion
Substitution with halogens UV
(Radical substitution)
Stereoisomers
Same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
Occur round a double bond
Reactivity of alkenes
More reactive than alkanes the pie electron density is above and below the plane of the Sigma bond the pie electrons on more exposed and the bond breaks more readily to undergo addition reactions relatively easily
Addition reactions of alkenes
Electrophilic addition H2 Halogens Hydrogen halides H2O (g) steam
Catalyst for hydration of alkenes
Steam in the presence of the phosphoric acid catalyst
H3PO4
Electrophile
Electron pair exceptor usually positive ions
More stable carbocation
Secondary
2-bromopropane major product
More alkyl chains=more stable
Why do alkyl groups stabilise carbocations
Alkyl groups donate e- and push towards carbocation spreading it over a greater area
Feed stock recycling
The chemical and thermal processes that can reclaim monomers from waste polymers
