Amines Flashcards
Do amines act as acids or bases and why?
Bases- they have a line pair of e- on the N atom- can accept protons
Formation of primary amines
Haloalkane+ NH3-> ammonium salt
2) ammonium salt + NaOH-> propylamine+ NaCl + H2O
Conditions of formation of primary amines
Ethanol used as a solvent to prevent substitution of the halo alkanes by water to produce alcohols
Excess ammonia is used reducing further substitution of the amine group to form secondary and tertiary amines
Conditions for preparation of aromatic amines
Sn/conc HCl as reducing agents
Heated under reflux
Then excess NaOH to produce aromatic amine from the salt
Produces aromatic amine +2H2O
What is an alpha amino acid
When the amine group is attached to the second carbon next to the COOH group
Reactions of amino acids
With acid
With alkalis
With alcohols
Reaction of amino acid with acid
Acts as a base, protonates the NH2 group
And Cl-
reaction of amino acid with aqueous alkali
Makes a sodium salt (COO-Na+)
And water
Reaction of amino acids with alcohols
Esterification
Heat with alcohol in the presence of conc H2SO4
Produces an ester linkage and water
What is an amide
How are they names
Product of reaction between acyl chloride and ammonia and amines
Optical isomerism
Found in molecules that contain a chiral centre leading to the existence of two non-superimposable mirror images (enantiomers)
What is a chiral centre
A carbon atom that is attached to four different groups of atoms
Condensation polymerisation
The joining of two monomers with the loss of a small molecule usually water of HCl.
What groups are needed for condensation polymerisation
2 different functional groups
(One monomer containing 1xCOOH 1xOH)
(2 monomers containing 2xCOOH+ 2xOH)
What are polyamides
Condensation polymers formed when monomers are joined by amide linkages
Made from
1 monomer with COOH and NH2
2 monomers 1 with 2xCOOH 1 with 2xNH2
