Organic 1 - 4.5

Question 1

What is crude oil made up of?

Answer 1

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

What makes up a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

a hydrocarbon compound is made up of hydrogen and carbon ONLY

Question 3

What happens as the fractions boiling point increases?

Answer 3

• the fractions get darker in colour
• the fractions get more viscous

Question 4

What are the important fractions?

Answer 4

Refinery gases
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 5

What is the use of refinery gases?

Answer 5

FUEL for home cooking

Question 6

What is the use of gasoline?

Answer 6

FUEL for cars

Question 7

What is the use of kerosene?

Answer 7

FUEL for aircraft

Question 8

What is the use of diesel?

Answer 8

FUEL for trains

Question 9

What is the use of fuel oil?

Answer 9

FUEL for ships

Question 10

What is the use of bitumen?

Answer 10

making road

NOT FUEL

Question 11

What happens during fractional distillation?

Answer 11

Each of the fractions is separated from crude oil by fractional distillation.
The fractional distillation of crude oil is done industrially on a large scale.
The fractionating column is hotter at the bottom and colder at the top.

Question 12

How does fractional distillation work?

Answer 12

1. Heated crude oil vapours enter the column.
2. Vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense.
3. Different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points.
4. Similar vapours condense together as a fraction.