Organelles and their functions Flashcards
Cell Membrane
- Barrier controlling entry and exit from the cell
Cell Wall (Cellulose)
- Provides strength, support, protects and gives shape to the cell. Prevents the cell bursting during water uptake.
- A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the cell membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In plants, it mainly consists of cellulose.
Ribosomes
- Protein synthesis
- The cellular structure composed of RNA and protein where polypeptide synthesis takes place
Golgi Apparatus
- Synthesis of cell secretions
- Organelle where protein modification and packaging takes place
(Rough) Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Synthesis and movement of substances in the cytoplasm
- Organelle studded with ribosomes where polypeptide are synthesised that are destined to be inserted into the cell membrane or released from the cell.
Lysosome
- Contains lytic enzymes
- The specialised vesicle that breaks down old or unwanted organelles
Nuclear Membrane
Contains the nucleus, with pores for movement of materials
Nucleus
Control of biochemistry, growth, and inheritance of cell
Chloroplast
- Used for Photosynthesis
- Contains chlorophyll
Mitochondrion
- Respiration takes place here
Tonoplast (Membrane)
Barrier surrounding permenant vacuole
Vacuoles
- Stored food material. In plant cells, it contains a watery, sugary sap. When filled, it provides support for the plant for the plant and plant cell.
- An organelle found in plant cells that is effectively a large vesicle that contains water, dissolved ions and occasionally large molecules
Centrosome (2 centrioles)
- Cell mitosis (metaphase stage)
- (Centrioles) are protein structures found in animal cells with a role in spindle fibre formation during cell division
Microtubule
Cytoplasmic streaming, direction of cellulose fibril deposition and formation of the spindle in metaphase stage of cell mitosis
Cilia and Flagella
Locomotion, current creation and feeling
Cytoplasm
- The liquid portion of a cell that contains organelles and enzymes. Many cell reactions take place here
Eukaryotic Cell
- Has membrane bound organelles
- Cellulose based cell wall (where a cell wall is present)
- May have undulipodia
- Have a phospholipid bi-layer cell membrane
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
- DNA held on linear chromosomes
- Has a nucleus
- Large (80S) Ribosomes
- DNA located within the nucleus
- ATP production occurs in mitochondria
Nucleus Pores
- Hole in the nuclear membrane through which large particles (such as mRNA) can pass
Nucleolus
- A region within the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized
Plasma Membrane
- A partially permeable surface that surrounds the cell and organelles. Described as a fluid mosaic. Composed of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol
Organelles
- Sub-cellular structure surrounded by a membrane that has a specialised function
Prokaryotic Cell
- May have flagella
- Does not have a nucleus
- Peptidoglycan based cell wall (where a cell wall is present)
- Small (70S) ribosomes
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
- DNA held on circular chromosomes
- Has no membrane bound organelles
- DNA contained within the cytoplasm
- ATP production occurs in infolded regions of the cell membrane called mesosomes
