Organelles and their functions

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

• Barrier controlling entry and exit from the cell

Question 2

Cell Wall (Cellulose)

Answer 2

• Provides strength, support, protects and gives shape to the cell. Prevents the cell bursting during water uptake.
• A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the cell membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In plants, it mainly consists of cellulose.

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

• Protein synthesis

- The cellular structure composed of RNA and protein where polypeptide synthesis takes place

Question 4

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 4

• Synthesis of cell secretions

- Organelle where protein modification and packaging takes place

Question 5

(Rough) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 5

• Synthesis and movement of substances in the cytoplasm
• Organelle studded with ribosomes where polypeptide are synthesised that are destined to be inserted into the cell membrane or released from the cell.

Question 6

Lysosome

Answer 6

• Contains lytic enzymes

- The specialised vesicle that breaks down old or unwanted organelles

Question 7

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 7

Contains the nucleus, with pores for movement of materials

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Control of biochemistry, growth, and inheritance of cell

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

• Used for Photosynthesis

- Contains chlorophyll

Question 10

Mitochondrion

Answer 10

• Respiration takes place here

Question 11

Tonoplast (Membrane)

Answer 11

Barrier surrounding permenant vacuole

Question 12

Vacuoles

Answer 12

• Stored food material. In plant cells, it contains a watery, sugary sap. When filled, it provides support for the plant for the plant and plant cell.
• An organelle found in plant cells that is effectively a large vesicle that contains water, dissolved ions and occasionally large molecules

Question 13

Centrosome (2 centrioles)

Answer 13

• Cell mitosis (metaphase stage)

- (Centrioles) are protein structures found in animal cells with a role in spindle fibre formation during cell division

Question 14

Microtubule

Answer 14

Cytoplasmic streaming, direction of cellulose fibril deposition and formation of the spindle in metaphase stage of cell mitosis

Question 15

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 15

Locomotion, current creation and feeling

Question 16

Cytoplasm

Answer 16

• The liquid portion of a cell that contains organelles and enzymes. Many cell reactions take place here

Question 17

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 17

• Has membrane bound organelles
• Cellulose based cell wall (where a cell wall is present)
• May have undulipodia
• Have a phospholipid bi-layer cell membrane
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
• DNA held on linear chromosomes
• Has a nucleus
• Large (80S) Ribosomes
• DNA located within the nucleus
• ATP production occurs in mitochondria

Question 18

Nucleus Pores

Answer 18

• Hole in the nuclear membrane through which large particles (such as mRNA) can pass

Question 19

Nucleolus

Answer 19

• A region within the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized

Question 20

Plasma Membrane

Answer 20

• A partially permeable surface that surrounds the cell and organelles. Described as a fluid mosaic. Composed of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol

Question 21

Organelles

Answer 21

• Sub-cellular structure surrounded by a membrane that has a specialised function

Question 22

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 22

• May have flagella
• Does not have a nucleus
• Peptidoglycan based cell wall (where a cell wall is present)
• Small (70S) ribosomes
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
• DNA held on circular chromosomes
• Has no membrane bound organelles
• DNA contained within the cytoplasm
• ATP production occurs in infolded regions of the cell membrane called mesosomes