Baseline Test Flashcards
Answers gotten wrong in Bio Baseline Test
Two symptoms of infection by Salmonella are vomiting and diarrhoea.
What causes thes symptoms? (1 mark)
- toxins/poisons (secreted by bacteria)
Give two ways a person with a mild infection of Salmonella can help prevent the spread of the bacteria to other people. (2 marks)
- wash hands before preparing food
- isolate yourself
- disinfect surfaces
A person with AIDS may take longer than a healthy person to recover from a Salmonella infection.
Explain why. (2 marks)
- the immune system is damaged/weakened
- white blood cells cannot kill bacteria
Suggest one another way farmers could prevent the transmission of Salmonella from chickens to humans. (1 mark)
- give chickens antibiotics
- don’t sell infected chickens/eggs
- keep infected chickens isolated/indoors
- slaughter the infected chickens
Why is this cleaning liquid more effective? (1 mark)
- greater reduction in number of bacteria (after cleaning) in both locations
Give one change to the investigation that would allow the scientist to check if the results are repeatable. (1 mark)
- repeat AND look to see if results are similar
“During exercise, the heart rate of smokers increases more than the heart rate of a non-smoker.”
Design and investigation to test this hypothesis. (6 marks)
- Non-smokers and Smokers
- Same no. of people in each group
- Same gender
- Same age
- No health issues
- Same time for exercise
- Calculate increase in heart rate
Explain why having more red blood cells per cm^3 of blood is an advantage to an athlete. (3 marks)
- more haemoglobin
- more oxygen can be carried
- more energy released
Compare the structure of an artery with the structure of a vein. (3 marks)
- arteries have a narrower lumen
- veins have valves
- arteries have a thicker layer of muscle tissue
Explain how the student could modify the investigation to determine the concentration of the solution inside each egg. (3 marks)
- use 5+ different concentration of salt/sugar solutions
- plot percentage change on a graph
- determine the concentration where the curve crosses the zero percentage change
Explain how a deficiency of magnesium could cause yellow leaves and stunted growth. (5 marks)
- yellow leaves due to lack of chlorophyll
- less light absorbed
- a lower rate of photosynthesis
- the plant makes less sugar/glucose
- plant convert less sugar/glucose into protein (for growth so growth is stunted)
Describe how the scientist would use the protein to produce PVY monoclonal antibody. (4 marks)
- inject the protein into a mouse
- combine lymphocytes with tumour cells to make hybridoma
- find hybridoma which makes a monoclonal antibody specific to PVY
- clone – produce many cells
Explain why children with CF grow more slowly than children without CF. (6 marks)
fewer digestive enzymes enter the small intestine:
- enzymes break down less food
- less absorption of nutrients
- less glucose can enter the bloodstream
- less glucose available for respiration
- less protein is made
less oxygen enters bloodstream:
- less available for respiration
- less energy released for growth
Describe how scientists may use stem cells to create healthy lungs that are not rejected by the CF patient. (4 marks)
- take stem cells from the patient
- remove CF gene
- create an embryo using these stem cells
- remove stem cells and stimulate them go divide into lung cells
Describe how a student could test cow’s milk to show whether it contains protein and different types of carbohydrate. (6 marks)
- Beirut reagent test for protein
- add reagent to milk
- the solution will turn blue to lilac if positive
iodine solution tests for starch
- add iodine solution to milk
- the solution will turn orange to blue-black if positive
- benedicts reagent test for sugars
- add regent to milk and heat
- the solution will turn blue to red if positive
