1. Biological Molecules–Key Words

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

A molecule that can be bonded to other similar molecules to form a polymer.

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Large molecules formed when very small similar molecules, called monomers, bond together.

Question 3

Condensation

Answer 3

The joining together of molecules with a chemical bond and the elimination of water.

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

The breaking of the chemical bond between two molecules in a reaction involving a water molecule.

Question 5

Isomers

Answer 5

Compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule, giving different functions.

Question 6

Monosaccharides

Answer 6

Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made from. (e.g. glucose and fructose)

Question 7

Glycosidic Bond

Answer 7

Covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another, always an oxygen bond. [ – O – ]

Question 8

Disaccharides

Answer 8

Formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides which form a glycosidic bond

Question 9

Sucrose

Answer 9

Alpha glucose molecule and fructose

Question 10

Maltose

Answer 10

2 alpha glucose molecules

Question 11

Lactose

Answer 11

Glucose and galactose

Question 12

Polysaccharide

Answer 12

Formed by the condensation of many monosaccharide to form a glycosidic bond

Question 13

Benedict’s Test

Answer 13

A simple biochemical reaction to detect the presence of reducing sugars

Question 14

Biuret Test

Answer 14

A simple biochemical reaction to detect the presence of protein

Question 15

Collagen

Answer 15

Fibrous protein that is the main constituent of connective tissues such as tendons, cartilage, and bone

Question 16

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 16

A chemical bond formed between positive charge on a H atom and the negative charge on another atom of an adjacent molecule

Question 17

Mono-Unsaturated Fatty acid

Answer 17

Fatty acid that possesses a carbon chain with a single double bond

Question 18

Peptide Bond

Answer 18

The chemical bond formed between two amino acids during condensation

Question 19

Phospholipid

Answer 19

Triglycerides in which one of the three fatty acids molecule is replaced by a phosphate molecule

Question 20

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

Answer 20

Fatty acid that possesses carbon chains with many double bonds

Question 21

Primary Structure of a Protein

Answer 21

The sequence of amino acids that makes up the polypeptides of a protein

Question 22

Quaternary Structure of a Protein

Answer 22

A number of polypeptide chains linked together, and sometimes associated with non-protein groups, to form a protein.

Question 23

Saturated Fatty Acid

Answer 23

A fatty acid in which there are no double bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 24

Secondary Structure of a Protein

Answer 24

The way in which the chain of amino acids of the polypeptides of a protein is folded

Question 25

Tertiary Structure of a Protein

Answer 25

The folding of a whole peptide chain in a precise way, as determined by the amino acids of which it is composed

Question 26

Triglyceride

Answer 26

An individual lipid molecule made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

Question 27

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Answer 27

A fatty acid in which there are one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms