Organelles Flashcards
What’s the Nucleur Envelope?
A double membrane. Has pores in its walls for communication and the exiting of say, mRNA. The outer membrane connects to the ER
What is the Nucleolous?
Its the center of the Nucleus. It is made up of proteins and RNA. Where Ribosomes are synthesized
What are Microfillaments?
Made of up Actin. They are strong and flexible and provide stability to the cell by reinforcing the membranes.
What are Microtubles?
They are found in cilia and flagella. They aid in “sweeping” things along and are tracks for vesicle transport.
What are Centrioles?
They assemble the microtubules during cell division (mitosis).
What are Ribosomes?
Made up of rRNA and protein. They have no membrane, and Is 2 subunits. Its the primary site for protein synthesis
Rough ER
studded with Ribosomes. It makes proteins that will be released into membranes or secreted by the cell. Also Polypeptide chains are folded here, and carbs are added to proteins.
Smooth ER
Where lipids and steroids are made. Also has enzymes that help with detoxifying alcohol and other drugs.
Golgi Apparatus
Flattened sacs. Modifies and repackages proteins that will either stay in the cytoplasm of the cell, or be exported through exocytosis.
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse” Where ATP is made, where steps of Cellular respiration takes place. Has a double membrane. Is double membraned, the interior faces folds called “cristae” that greatly increase the surface area
What are lysosomes and their function?
They are membrane bound vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes. They digest bacteria or harmful viruses that enter the cell.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of cell walls?
Advantages: keep biochemical’s from mixing. Lysosomes have a pH of 5 and would damage or kill a cell if it erupted. Disadvantages: Makes it difficult sometimes for things to get across.
What are the 3 main body compartments?
Cranial, Thorasic, Abdomopelvic
Lumen
Interior of a hollow organ
Where does E. coli live and reproduce? What happens if it crosses the epithelium and gets into our Internal environment?
It lives and breeds in the lumen of our L intestine. It doesn’t harm the host until it gets into our internal environment through a hole or wound. Causes major infection.
Wheres the Plural membrane?
Arround the lungs
Wheres the Peritoneal membrane?
lines inside abdomen
What word either applies to a tissue of to a phospholipid bi-layer?
Membrane
What 3 things make up a biological membrane?
Proteins, Lipids, sometimes Carbohydrates
What is the structural differenct of Sphingolipids that sometimes are found in the bi-layer?
The are longer that phospholipids, and their heads can be made up of phospholipids or glycolipids.
3 types of membrane proteins?
Integral=tightly bound to the membrane
Peripheral=hooked to other membrane proteins
Transmembrane=protein chains extend all the way across the membrane.
Glycocalax
Found only on the external surface forming a protective layer. Made up of Glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Wheres the main sight of protein synthesis?
the Rough ER
Where are lipids made and some Ca+ stored sometimes?
The Smooth ER
