Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What are the 3 steps in Glycolysis?

Answer 1

1. Energy investment 2. Cleavage 3.Energy capture

Question 2

What enzyme starts off Glycolysis?

Answer 2

Hexokinase.

Question 3

What happens in Glycolysis?

Answer 3

a 6 Carbon glucose molecule is broken down into 2 3 Carbon Pyruvate molecules.

Question 4

What is yielded and produced in Glycolysis?

Answer 4

It yields 2 NADH and 2 ATP. It produces 2 Pyruvate and has a net gain of 2 ATP

Question 5

What is the branch point between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose?

Answer 5

Pyruvate

Question 6

What happens if the Aerobic metabolism path is taken?

Answer 6

The pyruvate goes to Transition step and Citric Acid Cycle in the mitochondria. The NADH donates electrons (oxidized) to the Electron Transport Chain

Question 7

What happens If the Anaerobic metabolism path is taken?

Answer 7

The pyruvate converts to lactate via the lactic acid pathway in the cytosol. The NADH is converted back to NAD+ and needed to continue glycolysis

Question 8

What is absolutely key to utilize the energy stored in NADH?

Answer 8

OXYGEN

Question 9

What is the point of lactate?

Answer 9

To get NAD+ back into glycolysis

Question 10

What happens in the transition from Glycolysis to Krebs?(Transition reaction)

Answer 10

Pyruvate enters matrix of Mitochondria. It reacts with the coenzyme A which breaks the pyruvate down into 2 C unit of Acetyl CoA.
PYRUVATE(3C)+CoA+NAD+===>acetylCoA(2C)+CO2+NADH

Question 11

What is the job of acetyl CoA?

Answer 11

its the key intermediate which transfers 2C units into the Citric Acid Cycle?

Question 12

Where does the Citric Acid Cycle take place?

Answer 12

In the Matric of the mitochondria

Question 13

What main thing happens in the Citric Acid Cycle?

Answer 13

Complete oxidation of 2C units from Acetyl CoA===>2 Co2

Question 14

What is the first step in the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 14

the 2C unit binds with oxaloacetate (4C’s) to form Citrate (6C’s)

Question 15

What does the Krebs cycle start with?

Answer 15

2 C unit from Acetyl CoA

Question 16

Whats an odd thing that happens in the beginning of Krebs?

Answer 16

The Citrate is oxidized back into oxaloacetate.

Question 17

What is the 2nd step in Krebs?

Answer 17

High energy electrons are captured in reduced coenzymes 3 NADH+ 1 FADH2.

Question 18

What is oxidized and formed in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 18

2 C atoms are oxidized and form 2 Co2.

Question 19

what is yielded from Krebs?

Answer 19

3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP (x2)

Question 20

What is the product of Krebs?

Answer 20

2 Co2 (2x)

Question 21

What is the regulatory enzyme in Krebs?

Answer 21

Citratesynthase

Question 22

What carries the electrons and donates them into the Electron transport chain?

Answer 22

FADH2 and NADH

Question 23

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?

Answer 23

In the innermembrane space of the mitochondria.

Question 24

What are cytochromes?

Answer 24

Iron containing proteins in the E.T.C

Question 25

What is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

Answer 25

The carrier proteins, I, III, and IV

Question 26

What does NADH do in the E.T.C?

Answer 26

After it donates its electrons, it is oxidized back into NAD. It needs to be in its oxidized form to continue, and it needs oxygen to except more electrons.

Question 27

Where is the energy stored as in the E.T.C?

Answer 27

its temporarily stored as an electrochemical gradient concentration [ ]

Question 28

What goes "downhill" in the E.T.C?

Answer 28

the electrons, releasing energy for ATP production the whole way.