organelles Flashcards
• semi permeable membrane
• maintains shape& size of the cell, protects internal contents of the cell, maintains homeostasis
Plasma membrane
non-living & outermost covering of a cell.
• provides definite shape, strength, and rigidity. Prevents drying up of cells.
Cell Wall
• Dense spherical body located near the centre of the cell
• Has a double layered covering called __________
• Controls all the cell activities like metabolism, protein synthesis, growth & cell division
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
In Nucleus, there is a colorless dense sap present inside known as ________. This contains round shaped Nucleulos and a network of _______. This is composed of DNA & Protein histone.
Nucleoplasm
Chromatin fibres
Contains stretches of DNA called genes
Chromosomes
This transfers the hereditary information from one generation to the next.
Genes
Jelly-like material formed by 80% of water; Present between the Plasma membrane & the nucleus. Contains a clear liquid portion called ______ and various particles
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Networks of Tubular & Vesicular structures w/c are interconnected with one another. It gives internal support to the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum sythesize __________
secretory proteins and membrane proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum synthesize ________
lipids
It’s discovered by Camillo Golgi. Formed by stacks of 5-8 membranous sacs that are called _______
Functions:
modifies, sorts, & packs materials synthesized in the cell
Golgi Body
Cisternae
Small, spherical, single membrane sac filled with hydrolytic enzymes.
function:
helps in digesting of large molecules
Lysosomes
single membrane sac filled with liquid/sap
functions:
store various substances including waste products; maintains osmotic pressure of the cell
Vacuoles
small, rod-shaped organelles bounded by two membranes- inner&outer
function:
it synthesizes energy rich compound ATP (provide energy for the vital activities of living cells)
Mitochondria
double membrane-bound organelles found inside plants and some algae. They are responsible for activities related to making and storing food; often contain different types of pigments that can change the colour of the cell
plastids
plastids that produce &store pigments; responsible for diff colors found in leaves, fruits, and veggies
Chromoplasts
colorless plastids that store foods
Leucoplasts
double membrane organelle found in plant cells. It converts light energy to chemical energy in the form of food and provides green color to leaves, stems, and veggies.
Chloroplast
membrane bound organelle present near the nucleus. Consists of two structures called ________.
Forms spindle fibres which helps in the movement of chromosomes.
Centrosome
Centrioles
Formed by microtubules and microfilaments. It determines the shape of the cell; give structural strength to the cell
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus is undeveloped
Only one chromosome is present
Prokaryotic Cell
Nucleus is well- developed
More than one chromosome is present
Eukaryotic Cell
