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mitosis & meiosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Division of somatic cells in eukaryotic organisms. A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This maintains the set of 23 chromosomes pair

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

Refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in cells

A

Ploidy

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3
Q

One copy of each chromosome. Designated as “n, is 23 (n=23) “ the number of chromosomes in one set. These are gametes.

A

Haploid

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4
Q

Two sets of chromosomes
designated as “2n, is 46 (2n=46) “
Somatic cells

A

Diploid

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5
Q

Parts of a chromatid

A

Short arm
Centromere
Kinetochore
Long Arm
Telomere
Band

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6
Q

This division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of cells from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two

A

Cell division

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7
Q

Cell division functions in ______,_____, and ______.

A

Reproduction, growth, repair

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8
Q

is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism which makes up the connective tissue, skin blood, bones & internal organs

A

Somatic cell

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9
Q

Have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells, or 23 chromosomes in human

A

Reproductive cells/ Gametes

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10
Q

Chromosomes are composed of _______ a complex of DNA & Protein; most chromosomes are about ____ DNA and ____ Proteins

A

Chromatin
40%, 60%

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11
Q

Chromosomes exist in ______ pairs in diploid cells. All other chromosomes (autosomes) have ______

A

Homologous
Homologues

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12
Q

Set of the arrangement of chromosomes based on shape, size, & length.

A

Karyotyping

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13
Q

makes up the traits/ characteristics of the other body parts

A

Autosomes

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14
Q

Identifies the sex identity of the individual as either female or male

Female: XX
Male: XY

A

Sex Chromosomes

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15
Q

Same length, centromere position, staining patterns

A

Homologous chromosomes

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16
Q

Two Major Phases of Eukaryotic Cells Cycle

A

Interphase
Mitosis

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17
Q

Stages of Interphase

A

Gap 1
Synthesis
Gap 2

18
Q

this is the stage where a cell grows in size and organelles replicate

A

Gap 1

19
Q

this is the stage where DNA is replicated. It forms the mitotic spindle

A

Synthesis

20
Q

usually shortest among the three stages. Occurs after the DNA has been replicated but before mitosis begin

A

Gap 2

21
Q

Phases of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

22
Q

Stage of mitosis where spindle fibers form

A

Prophase

23
Q

stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the equator of the cell w/ one chromatid facing each other

A

Metaphase

24
Q

Sister chromatids separate. Spindle fibers attached to kinetochores shorten and pull chromatids towards the poles.

A

Anaphase

25
Q

Spindle fibers disintegrate. Cytokinesis occurs

A

Telophase

26
Q

Animal cells undergo _______ through the formation of a cleavage furrow.

A

Cytokinesis

27
Q

Fusion of two gametes to produce a single zygote.

A

Sexual Reproduction

28
Q

Restores the diploid condition by combining two haploid sets of chromosomes

A

Fertilization

29
Q

It occurs only in specialized cells called germ-line cells

A

Meiosis

30
Q

Meiosis divides into _____ unique daughter cells

A

4

31
Q

Two divisions of nucleus in Meiosis

A

Meiosis i & meiosis ii

32
Q

The phase where the DNA coils tighter, and individual chromosomes first become visible under a light microscope as a matrix of thread. Homologous chromosomes find each other and become closely associated, a process called _____ or _______.

A

Prophase 1
pairing or synapsis

33
Q

Chromosomes duplicate in what phase?

A

Interphase

34
Q

it is a process that involves a series of events in which the DNA segments are exchanged between nonsister chromatids

A

Crossing over in Prophase 1

35
Q

the microtubules of the spindle fibers begin to shorten. homologues are pulled apart but not the sister chromatids.

A

Anaphase 1

36
Q

in this phase, the chromosomes have segregated into two clusters

A

telophase 1

37
Q

is like a mitotic division without DNA replication

A

Meiosis ii

38
Q

produced in the testes of animal cells

A

Sperm cells

39
Q

is the process of forming gametes from diploid cells of the germ line.

A

Gametogenesis

40
Q

process of forming sperm cells by meiosis in specialized organs known as gonads

A

Spermatogenesis

41
Q

process of forming of an ovum by meiosis in specialized gonads known as ovaries

A

Oogenesis

42
Q

3 Major stages of cell cycle

A

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

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