organelles

Question 1

define the cytoskeleton

Answer 1

network or protein filaments and cylinders

Question 2

what are 4 functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 2

cell shape and structure

organizes cell contents

directs movement of materials within a ell

cell movement as a whole

Question 3

what are the 3 types of proteins that comprise the cytoskeleton

Answer 3

actin

mictrotubles

intermediate filaments

Question 4

actin purpose in cytoskeleton

Answer 4

migration and main structure for microvilli

Question 5

microtubule purpose in cytoskeleton

Answer 5

mitosis and railroad track to move substances

Question 6

intermediate filament function

Answer 6

cell-cell contact and adhesion/ help chromatin attach to nuclear envelope

Question 7

how may groupings of microtubules are there

Answer 7

9

Question 8

the nuclear envelope is a _____ membrane

Answer 8

double

Question 9

what is the nuclear envelope perforated by and what are they made of

Answer 9

nuclear pores

proteins

Question 10

what are the 2 functions of nuclear pores

Answer 10

regulates traffic through envelope

holds the two membranes together

Question 11

what is the nuclear envelope supported by

what attaches to it

Answer 11

intermediate filament web

chromatin

Question 12

what is nucleoplasm

Answer 12

material in nucleus

Question 13

what is chromatin

Answer 13

thread like DNA and protein

Question 14

what is the function of the nucleoli (2)

Answer 14

ribosome production

RNA and DNA polymerase storage

Question 15

what makes the rough ER rough

Answer 15

ribosomes

Question 16

what are the channels that make up the ER called

Answer 16

cisterns

Question 17

is rough ER more flat or tubular

Answer 17

flat

Question 18

what is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope

Answer 18

rough ER

Question 19

what is often the largest organelle

Answer 19

rough ER

Question 20

what two things does the rough ER produce for nearly all cell membranes

Answer 20

phospholipids and proteins

Question 21

where do the synthesized proteins from the rough ER go (2)

Answer 21

packaged in other organelles

secreted from the cell

Question 22

is the smooth ER more flat or tubular

Answer 22

tubular

Question 23

what two things does the smooth ER synthesize

Answer 23

steroids

lipids

Question 24

what mineral is stored in the smooth ER

Answer 24

calcium

Question 25

what is one unexpected function of the ER

Answer 25

alcohol and drug detox

Question 26

where do the proteins made in the smooth ER go (3)

Answer 26

vesicles secretion on cell membrane

Question 27

what are ribosomes made out of

Answer 27

protein and RNA

Question 28

where are 4 places ribosomes can be found

Answer 28

nucleoli nuclear envelope cytoplasm rough ER

Question 29

what read messenger RNAs and assemble amino acids into proteins

Answer 29

ribosomes

Question 30

what 2 things does the golgi apparatus synthesize

Answer 30

carbohydrates glycoproteins

Question 31

what does the golgi apparatus put the finishing touches on

Answer 31

protein synthesis

Question 32

where does the golgi apparatus receive its proteins from

Answer 32

the rough ER

Question 33

what are 3 ways the golgi appears puts the finishing touches on protein synthesis

Answer 33

sorts them spices them adds carbohydrate moieties

Question 34

some become lysosomes some become part of the plasma membrane some become secretory vesicles for later protein secretion

Answer 34

golgi apperatus proteins

Question 35

what are lysosomes

Answer 35

package of enzymes bound by a membrane

Question 36

what is the main function of lysosomes

Answer 36

intracellular hydrolytic digestion

Question 37

digestion of a surplus organelles

Answer 37

autophagy

Question 38

digestion of a surplus cell by itself (cell suicide)

Answer 38

autolysis

Question 39

what is the function of peroxisomes (4)

Answer 39

break down excess peroxide neutralize free radicals detoxify break down fatty acid for ATP synthesis

Question 40

where are peroxisomes most abundant

Answer 40

liver and kidney cells

Question 41

where are peroxisomes produced

Answer 41

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 42

what breaks down SURPLUS tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides and amino acids

Answer 42

proteosomes

Question 43

what organelles synthesize ATP

Answer 43

mitochondria

Question 44

what are the inner membrane folds of mitochondria called

Answer 44

cristae

Question 45

what are the spaces between the folds of the mitochondria called

Answer 45

matrix

Question 46

what organelle is a short cylindrical assembly of mictrotibes arranged in 9 groups of 3 microtubules each

Answer 46

centriole

Question 47

what forms the basal bodies of cilia and flagella

Answer 47

centrioles

Question 48

what are the two types of inclusions

Answer 48

stored cellular products foreign bodies