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anatomy exam 1 > organelles > Flashcards

organelles Flashcards

1
Q

define the cytoskeleton

A

network or protein filaments and cylinders

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2
Q

what are 4 functions of the cytoskeleton

A

cell shape and structure

organizes cell contents

directs movement of materials within a ell

cell movement as a whole

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3
Q

what are the 3 types of proteins that comprise the cytoskeleton

A

actin

mictrotubles

intermediate filaments

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4
Q

actin purpose in cytoskeleton

A

migration and main structure for microvilli

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5
Q

microtubule purpose in cytoskeleton

A

mitosis and railroad track to move substances

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6
Q

intermediate filament function

A

cell-cell contact and adhesion/ help chromatin attach to nuclear envelope

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7
Q

how may groupings of microtubules are there

A

9

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8
Q

the nuclear envelope is a _____ membrane

A

double

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9
Q

what is the nuclear envelope perforated by and what are they made of

A

nuclear pores

proteins

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10
Q

what are the 2 functions of nuclear pores

A

regulates traffic through envelope

holds the two membranes together

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11
Q

what is the nuclear envelope supported by

what attaches to it

A

intermediate filament web

chromatin

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12
Q

what is nucleoplasm

A

material in nucleus

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13
Q

what is chromatin

A

thread like DNA and protein

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14
Q

what is the function of the nucleoli (2)

A

ribosome production

RNA and DNA polymerase storage

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15
Q

what makes the rough ER rough

A

ribosomes

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16
Q

what are the channels that make up the ER called

A

cisterns

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17
Q

is rough ER more flat or tubular

A

flat

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18
Q

what is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope

A

rough ER

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19
Q

what is often the largest organelle

A

rough ER

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20
Q

what two things does the rough ER produce for nearly all cell membranes

A

phospholipids and proteins

21
Q

where do the synthesized proteins from the rough ER go (2)

A

packaged in other organelles

secreted from the cell

22
Q

is the smooth ER more flat or tubular

A

tubular

23
Q

what two things does the smooth ER synthesize

A

steroids

lipids

24
Q

what mineral is stored in the smooth ER

A

calcium

25
Q

what is one unexpected function of the ER

A

alcohol and drug detox

26
Q

where do the proteins made in the smooth ER go (3)

A

vesicles

secretion

on cell membrane

27
Q

what are ribosomes made out of

A

protein and RNA

28
Q

where are 4 places ribosomes can be found

A

nucleoli

nuclear envelope

cytoplasm

rough ER

29
Q

what read messenger RNAs and assemble amino acids into proteins

A

ribosomes

30
Q

what 2 things does the golgi apparatus synthesize

A

carbohydrates

glycoproteins

31
Q

what does the golgi apparatus put the finishing touches on

A

protein synthesis

32
Q

where does the golgi apparatus receive its proteins from

A

the rough ER

33
Q

what are 3 ways the golgi appears puts the finishing touches on protein synthesis

A

sorts them

spices them

adds carbohydrate moieties

34
Q

some become lysosomes

some become part of the plasma membrane

some become secretory vesicles for later protein secretion

A

golgi apperatus proteins

35
Q

what are lysosomes

A

package of enzymes bound by a membrane

36
Q

what is the main function of lysosomes

A

intracellular hydrolytic digestion

37
Q

digestion of a surplus organelles

A

autophagy

38
Q

digestion of a surplus cell by itself (cell suicide)

A

autolysis

39
Q

what is the function of peroxisomes (4)

A

break down excess peroxide

neutralize free radicals

detoxify

break down fatty acid for ATP synthesis

40
Q

where are peroxisomes most abundant

A

liver and kidney cells

41
Q

where are peroxisomes produced

A

endoplasmic reticulum

42
Q

what breaks down SURPLUS tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides and amino acids

A

proteosomes

43
Q

what organelles synthesize ATP

A

mitochondria

44
Q

what are the inner membrane folds of mitochondria called

A

cristae

45
Q

what are the spaces between the folds of the mitochondria called

A

matrix

46
Q

what organelle is a short cylindrical assembly of mictrotibes arranged in 9 groups of 3 microtubules each

A

centriole

47
Q

what forms the basal bodies of cilia and flagella

A

centrioles

48
Q

what are the two types of inclusions

A

stored cellular products

foreign bodies

49
Q
A

anatomy exam 1 (7 decks)

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