DNA structure and function Flashcards
how are the pairs of bases bonded
hydrogen bonds
what are the purines
adenine
guanine
what are the pyrimidines
cytosine
thymine
uracil
what are the 3 base pairings
A - T
A - U
C - G
what do DNA strands wrap around
histones
what do the histones become
chromatin
what does chromatin become when it loops around itself
chromatids
what does messenger RNA do
carries copies of genetic instructions to the rest of the cell
what does ribosomal RNA do
stitching together of amino acids to make a protein molecule
what does transfer RNA do
carries amino acids to make protein
who recognized the recessive allele
Archibald garrod
what ideas connected genes to enzymes
recessive alleles
what is the process of making proteins called
central dogma
what is synthesis of RNA called
transcription
what is synthesis from RNA template called
translation
what to transfer RNAs carry
anticodons
what is a block of RNA nucleotides corresponding to an amino acid called
codon
how many stop codons are there
how many start codons are there
3
1
what is the start codon letters
AUG
what does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate
there can be many combinations of codons that code for one amino acid
the genetic code is universal except for in what two organelles
mitochondria and chloroplasts
are genes always expressed
no
what is the most common form of gene regulation
initiation of transcription
