mitosis

Question 1

what does a cell have to do before it divides

Answer 1

replicate its DNA

Question 2

what are homologous chromosomes

Answer 2

genetic info thats the same but from two different parents

Question 3

what do non dividing chromosomes look like

Answer 3

single chromatids

Question 4

what is the pinch in a 2 chromatid chromosome

Answer 4

centromere

Question 5

what protein holds two chromatids together

Answer 5

kinetochore

Question 6

what are the 4 steps to DNA replication

Answer 6

unwinding
unzipping
building new strands
repackaging

Question 7

what unzips dna

Answer 7

dna helicase

Question 8

what joins 2 strands of DNA

Answer 8

dna ligase

Question 9

what are the three types of DNA mutation / error

Answer 9

insertion
substitution
deletion

Question 10

what are the 3 phases of interphase

Answer 10

G1
S
G2

Question 11

what happens in G1 (2)

Answer 11

growth and metabolism

building of organelles

Question 12

what happens in the S phase

Answer 12

DNA replication

Question 13

what happens in the G2 phase (3)

Answer 13

growth
microtubules are made
contractile ring making

Question 14

prophase (2)

Answer 14

chromatin condenses
spindles form

Question 15

metaphase

Answer 15

chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate

Question 16

anaphase

Answer 16

chromosomes separate and go towards opposite poles

Question 17

telophase / cytokinesis

Answer 17

two cells are formed

Question 18

where do microtubules form from

Answer 18

centriole

Question 19

what phase does the nuclear envelope break down

Answer 19

prophase

Question 20

what phase do microtubules depolymerize

Answer 20

anaphase

Question 21

what makes the cleavage furrow

Answer 21

actin and myosin

Question 22

what are 3 things that happen before a cell divides

Answer 22

enough cytoplasm
stimulated by growth factor
neighboring cells die

Question 23

when do cells stop dividing (2)

Answer 23

when theyre snug with their neighbors
growth/ nutrients are withdrawn

Question 24

what is contact inhibition

Answer 24

cells stop dividing because they come into contact with other cells

Question 25

what is one bad thing that can happen if cells start dividing or stop dividing when they aren’t supposed to

Answer 25

cancer

Question 26

when is the first checkpoint

Answer 26

G1

Question 27

when is the second checkpoint

Answer 27

G2

Question 28

when is the last checkpoint

what is it called

Answer 28

mitosis

M checkpoint

Question 29

what is cancer

Answer 29

unregulated cell growth

Question 30

what acts like breaks to slow down damaging mutations

Answer 30

tumor suppressors

Question 31

what needs two damaged copies to cause cancer

Answer 31

tumor supressor genes

Question 32

what acts like an accelerator to cause damage

Answer 32

proto-oncogenes

Question 33

what only needs one damaged copy to cause cancer

Answer 33

porto-oncogenes

Question 34

where are tumor suppressor genes found

Answer 34

the nucleus

Question 35

where are port-oncogenes found

Answer 35

cytoplasm

Question 36

what’s another name for genes

Answer 36

discrete factors

Question 37

what is genotype

Answer 37

genetic makeup

Question 38

what is phenotype

Answer 38

how genetic makeup is expressed

Question 39

when are alleles separated

when are they rejoined

Answer 39

gamete formation

fertilization

Question 40

is what Mendel assumed about recessive and dominant traits true about most genes

Answer 40

no

Question 41

polygenetic inheritance

Answer 41

determined from dominant and recessive alleles