Organelles

Question 1

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Answer 1

large, usually spherical, bound by a double membrane (nuclear envelope) with many pores to allow the passage of large molecules like RNA

Question 2

Describe the function of the nucleus

Answer 2

holds the genetic information of the cell, including chromosomes which contain DNA which control the synthesis of proteins. ribosomes are formed in the nucleolus

Question 3

Describe the structure of a mitochondria

Answer 3

has a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material, with the inner membrane having folds called cristae that provide a large surface area for enzyme activity involved in respiration

Question 4

Describe the function of a mitochondria

Answer 4

site of aerobic respiration and is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a cell

Question 5

Describe the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

a complex network system of flattened, membrane bound sacs called cisternae. ribosomes are attached

Question 6

Describe the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

folds and transports newly synthesised proteins made on the ribosomes

Question 7

Describe the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

membrane system with small cavities, and no ribosomes attached

Question 8

Describe the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

the site of some lipids and steroid production and processing

Question 9

Describe the structure of a ribosome

Answer 9

very small organelle that is not membrane bound, made up of a large and a small subunit. it is made up of protein and RNA

Question 10

Describe the function of a ribosome

Answer 10

proteinsynthesis through using the information in nucleic acid

Question 11

Describe the structure of a lysosome

Answer 11

a small vesicle containing digestive enzymes

Question 12

Describe the function of a lysosome

Answer 12

contains enzymes that are used to digest invading cells or breakdown worn out components of the cell

Question 13

Describe the structure of the cell-surface membrane

Answer 13

a phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic protein molecules

Question 14

Describe the function of the cell-surface membrane

Answer 14

a partially permeable barrier which controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 15

Describe the structure of the golgi body

Answer 15

sacs of flattened membrane discs, usually horse shoe shaped, have many vesicles either attaching or detaching

Question 16

Describe the function of the golgi body

Answer 16

processes and packages proteins (and lipids) made in the RER, for example adding carbohydrate to proteins to form glycoproteins

Question 17

Describe the structure of the cell wall

Answer 17

consists of cellulose microfibrils and other polysaccharides

Question 18

Describe the function of the cell wall

Answer 18

provides mechanical support and protection, prevents cell from bursting

Question 19

Describe the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 19

surrounded by a double membrane, contains a matrix called stroma which has a system of membranes running through it, these are stacked in places to form grana containing chlorophyll. stroma contains circular DNA, ribosomes, and starch grains

Question 20

Describe the function of a chloroplast

Answer 20

making sugars (glucose) via the process of photosynthesis

Question 21

Describe the structure of the vacuole

Answer 21

a sap filled sac bound by a single membrane

Question 22

Describe the function of the vacuole

Answer 22

keeps the cell rigid, stores food, and pigments, plus isolates unwanted chemicals